Table 1.
Main characteristic of the included studies
| Author/year | Region | Study design | Patients (% male) | Age (years) | LVEF (%) | Cut-off value of CONUT | Outcomes/RR | 95 % CI | Follow-up (years) | Adjusted for variables | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iwakami 2017(8) | Japan | R | AHF 635 | 62 | 75 | 12 | 38 | 17 | CONUT ≥ 2 Per point increase | Total death 2·01 1·23 |
1·08, 3·72*
1·08, 1·39 |
1·0 | Age, sex, SBP, Hb, eGFR, serum sodium, BMI, statin use, history of malignancy, liver disease, reactive airway disease and depression |
| Sze 2017(13) | UK | R | HF 265 | 62 | 80 | 72–86 | NP | Per point increase | Total death 1·06 |
0·89, 1·27 | 1·6 | Age, sex, Hb, atrial fibrillation, NT-proBNP, creatinine, Na and presence of CAD | |
| Nishi 2017(9) | Japan | R | HF 482 | 61·8 | 71·7 | 13·6 | 40·5 | 15·2 | CONUT ≥ 2 Per point increase | Total death 2·38 1·14 |
1·39, 4·06 1·04, 1·25 |
1·5 | Age, sex for categorical analysis; age, sex, BMI, history of HF hospitalisation, Hb, eGFR, BNP and therapeutic agents |
| La Rovere 2017(10) | Italy | R | HF 466 | 86 | 61 | 11 | 33·7 | 10·6 | Per point increase | Total death 1·42 |
1·11, 1·81 | 1·0 | Multivariable analysis |
| Shirakabe 2017(14) | Japan | R | AHF 458 | 66 | 76 | 67–82 | 40 | 28–53 | CONUT ≥ 2 | Total death 1·49 |
0·99, 2·22* | 1·0 | Multivariable analysis |
| Chien 2019(11) | Taiwan | R | AHF 1120 | 39·4 | 77·2 | 12·6 | ≥50 | Per point increase | Total death 1·08 |
1·02, 1·13 | 3·4 | Age, sex, BMI, SBP, heart rate, prior HF, hypertension, CVD, DM, atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidaemia, eGFR and BNP | |
| Geng 2019(18) | China | P | AHF 505 | 64 | 72 | 14 | NP | CONUT ≥ 2 | Total death 1·77 |
1·20, 3·01 | In-hospital | Multivariable analysis | |
| Sze 2020(19) | UK | P | HF 467 | 67 | 76 | 69–82 | 45 | 35–54 | CONUT ≥ 2 Per point increase | Total death 3·05 1·28 |
1·58, 5·85 1·13, 1·45 |
1·5 | Age, BMI, cardiac rhythm, NYHA class, Charlson score, NT-proBNP, Hb and eGFR |
| Uemura 2020(20) | Japan | R | AHF 170 | 59·4 | 67·6 | 15·1 | 48 | 32–61 | CONUT ≥ 2 Per unit increase | Total death 2·31 1·13 |
1·16, 4·58 1·00, 1·29 |
3·0 | Age, sex, BMI, history of HF admission, CAD, Hb, eGFR and LVEF |
| Alatas 2020(21) | Turkey | R | AHF 628 | 53·7 | 74·7 | 11·8 | NP | CONUT ≥ 5 | Total death 1·79 |
1·13, 2·83 | In-hospital | Age, sex, NT-proBNP and presence of CAD | |
LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CONUT, controlling nutritional status; RR, risk ratio; R, retrospective; AHF, acute heart failure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF heart failure; NP, not provided; NT-proBNP, amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; DM, diabetes mellitus; P, prospective; NYHA, New York Heart Association; CAD, coronary artery disease.
*
Results from pooling the CONUT score subgroup in a fixed-effect model.