Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by contribution of pure fruit juice to total fruit + pure fruit juice
| Contribution of pure fruit juice to total consumption of fruit + pure fruit juice (median) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | 0–<25 % (n 18 683) (7 %) | 25–<50 % (n 9755) (35 %) | 50–100 % (n 7543) (61 %) | |||||
| % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | |
| Cohort | ||||||||
| Prospect | 43·6 | 15 684 | 48·2 | 9011 | 44·8 | 4371 | 30·5 | 2302 |
| MORGEN | 56·4 | 20 297 | 51·8 | 9672 | 55·2 | 5384 | 69·5 | 5241 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 25·4 | 9128 | 24·0 | 4489 | 22·1 | 2156 | 32·9 | 2483 |
| Education level* | ||||||||
| Low | 57·5 | 20 688 | 59·9 | 11 183 | 54·2 | 5285 | 56·0 | 4220 |
| Intermediate | 21·9 | 7896 | 20·4 | 3812 | 22·5 | 2191 | 25·1 | 1893 |
| High | 20·6 | 7397 | 19·7 | 3688 | 23·4 | 2279 | 19·0 | 1430 |
| Family history of diabetes | ||||||||
| None | 76·7 | 27 604 | 76·0 | 14 195 | 77·4 | 7552 | 77·7 | 5857 |
| One parent | 17·0 | 33 730 | 17·9 | 3336 | 16·5 | 1605 | 15·7 | 1185 |
| Both parents | 0·9 | 34 054 | 1·0 | 180 | 0·9 | 92 | 0·7 | 52 |
| Unknown | 5·4 | 1927 | 5·2 | 972 | 5·2 | 506 | 6·0 | 449 |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Never | 38·2 | 13 759 | 37·1 | 6929 | 41·2 | 4014 | 37·3 | 2861 |
| Former | 31·4 | 11 302 | 34·1 | 6372 | 31·2 | 3039 | 25·1 | 1891 |
| Current | 30·4 | 10 920 | 28·8 | 5382 | 27·7 | 2702 | 37·6 | 2836 |
| Physical activity | ||||||||
| (Moderately) Inactive | 31·9 | 11 470 | 32·0 | 5983 | 30·7 | 2996 | 33·0 | 2491 |
| (Moderately) Active | 68·1 | 24 511 | 68·0 | 12 700 | 69·3 | 6759 | 67·0 | 5052 |
| Alcohol intake | ||||||||
| Never | 0·4 | 156 | 0·5 | 95 | 0·3 | 31 | 0·4 | 30 |
| <10 ethanol (g/d) | 62·7 | 22 573 | 63·1 | 11 790 | 62·8 | 6126 | 61·7 | 4657 |
| 10–<20 ethanol (g/d) | 16·5 | 5937 | 16·7 | 3120 | 17·0 | 1655 | 15·4 | 1162 |
| 20–<30 ethanol (g/d) | 9·9 | 3556 | 9·9 | 1852 | 9·7 | 946 | 10·1 | 758 |
| ≥30 ethanol (g/d) | 10·5 | 3759 | 9·8 | 1826 | 10·2 | 997 | 12·4 | 936 |
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | |
| Age (years) | 49·1 | 11·9 | 50·8 | 11·0 | 49·0 | 12·0 | 45·4 | 13·0 |
| BMI | 25·6 | 3·9 | 25·7 | 3·9 | 25·5 | 3·9 | 25·5 | 4·1 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 85·0 | 11·3 | 85·2 | 11·2 | 84·3 | 11·1 | 85·3 | 11·9 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77·7 | 10·6 | 78·1 | 10·4 | 77·4 | 10·6 | 77·2 | 11·0 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 126·0 | 18·7 | 127·0 | 18·8 | 125·4 | 18·6 | 124·1 | 18·5 |
| Total-/HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5·54 | 1·08 | 5·60 | 1·07 | 5·53 | 1·09 | 5·40 | 1·11 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1·47 | 0·42 | 1·48 | 0·42 | 1·49 | 0·41 | 1·41 | 0·40 |
| Ratio total:HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4·06 | 1·42 | 4·07 | 1·41 | 4·00 | 1·39 | 4·13 | 1·49 |
| DHD15-index | 53·3 | 12·3 | 53·3 | 12·4 | 54·5 | 12·2 | 51·8 | 12·2 |
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | |
| Total pure fruit juice and fruit consumption (g/d) | 240 | 231 | 225 | 194 | 295 | 219 | 241 | 193 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages (g/d)† | 43 | 104 | 35 | 90 | 52 | 102 | 69 | 140 |
| Dairy beverages (g/d) | 171 | 316 | 151 | 277 | 200 | 354 | 193 | 361 |
| Coffee (g/d) | 450 | 433 | 450 | 450 | 375 | 375 | 438 | 455 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/d) | 1956 | 747 | 1895 | 718 | 1979 | 705 | 2081 | 827 |
DHD15-index, Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015.
*
Education level categorised as ‘low’ (primary education, lower vocational education, advanced elementary education), ‘intermediate’ (intermediate vocational education, completion of first 3 years of higher general secondary education, and ‘high’ (completed higher general secondary education, higher vocational education and university).
†
Sugar-sweetened beverages included sugar-containing soft drinks and fruit syrups.