Table 3.

Total associations (c)^* direct associations (c’) and indirect effects between parental education and water intake adjusted for significant mediators

Food parenting practices	Direct effect C’ path				Indirect effect A * B path
	Log-scale†		Normal – scale‡		Log-scale		Normal – scale
	β	95 % CI	β	95 % CI	β	95 % CI	β	95 % CI	Mediation %
Positive FPP
HA fruit	0·053	0·015, 0·091	0·042	0·053, 0·136	0·013	0·007, 0·021	0·022	0·008, 0·037	19·7
HA fresh fruit juice	0·066	0·028, 0·104	0·064	–0·030, 0·158	0·000	–0·002, 0·001	0·001	–0·002, 0·004	–
HA vegetables	0·057	0·019, 0·095	0·045	–0·049, 0·139	0·009	0·004, 0·014	0·019	0·009, 0·032	13·6
Modelling of fruit intake	0·062	0·024, 0·100	0·054	–0·039, 0·148	0·004	0·000, 0·008	0·010	0·000, 0·020	6·1
Negative FPP
HA sugar juices	0·055	0·017, 0·092	0·039	–0·055, 0·132	0·011	0·007, 0·016	0·025	0·016, 0·036	16·7
HA soft drinks	0·047	0·009, 0·085	0·022	–0·072, 0·117	0·019	0·013, 0·026	0·042	0·028, 0·057	28·8
HA salty snacks	0·060	0·022, 0·098	0·055	–0·039, 0·149	0·006	0·002, 0·009	0·009	0·001, 0·018	9·1
Permissiveness	0·055	0·017, 0·092	0·041	–0·052, 0·135	0·011	0·007, 0·016	0·023	0·013, 0·034	16·7
Use of food as reward	0·056	0·018, 0·094	0·043	–0·051, 0·137	0·010	0·006, 0·015	0·021	0·011, 0·033	15·2

FPP, food parenting practices; HA, home availability.

n 6705.

Single mediation analyses were adjusted for country and parental and children’s sex, age, and BMI.

^*Total effect (C pathway) of the association between parental education and water intake: β _log = 0·066 (0·028, 0 104); β _normal = 0·064 (-0·030, 0 158).

^†Results on the log-scale were used for determining statistical significance.

^‡Results on the normal scale (servings/d) are used for interpretation purposes only.