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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Gastroenterol. 2022 Oct 11;118(3):539–545. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002056

Table 1:

The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Hazard Ratios for Celiac Disease Autoimmunity and Celiac Disease

Site Celiac Disease Autoimmunity Celiac Disease
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) P-value Hazard Ratio (95% CI) P-value
Washington b 1.0 1.0
Georgia 1.3(1.0–1.6) 0.05 1.4(0.92–2.3) 0.11
Colorado 1.3(1.0–1.6) 0.02 2.5(1.7–3.5) <0.001
Finland 1.4(1.2–1.8) <0.001 1.9(1.3–2.8) <0.001
Germany 1.3(0.99–1.7) 0.06 1.6(0.93–2.6) 0.09
Sweden 1.5(1.3–1.9) <0.001 2.8(2.0–3.9) <0.001
a

Model adjusted for HLA haplogenotype, sex, and family history of CD

b

Washington was selected as the reference site as it had the lowest incidence of celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease.