Figure 2.

Effect of PQ and TPPU on striatal GAPDH normalized mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory (A-D) and ER stress (E-H) markers. Chronic PQ treatment caused a non-significant increase of inflammatory genes A. IL-1β and B. IL-6 and a significant change in C. COX2 expression (p=0.0122). D. While there was some reduction of TNF-α in the PQ group (p=0.131) that was reversed by TPPU treatment (p=0.056), such effects were not statistically significant. However, the reduction of IL-1β, IL-6, and COX2 expressions by TPPU was not statistically significant. There was no detectable trend in changes in any of the ER stress gene expressions (E-H). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. RT-qPCR, data represent 5 or 6 biological replicates. PCR results were normalized to respective GAPDH levels. Abbreviations: V = vehicle, PQ = paraquat, PQT = paraquat, TPPU, T = TPPU only control. *P < 0.05 and **P<0.01, as determined by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc test.