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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2023 Jan 13;59:152163. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152163

Table 2.

Study characteristics

Article Author Fluid Sampled Model Species Fluid Analysis Method Sample size(s)
Rockel et al., 2018 8 Plasma Human LC-MS/MS OA=152, HC=194
Steventon et al., 2012 9 Plasma Human RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection HC=100
Smilde et al., 2005 10 Urine Guinea Pig H1 NMR OA=12, HC=6
Carlson et al., 2018 11 Synovial Fluid Human LC-MS OA=5, HC=5
Loeser et al., 2016 12 Urine Human H1 NMR, ELISA, automated immunoanalyzer OA1=22, OA2=22
Carlson et al., 2019 13 Synovial Fluid Human LC-MS OA GI-II=55, OA GIII-IV=17, HC=7
Thompson et al., 2011 14 Serum Human FI-ESI-MS OA=40
Costello et al., 2020 15 Plasma Human UPLC-MS, FI-ESI-MS OA=704
Hu et al., 2020 16 Synovial Fluid Rabbit UPLC-MS OA=12, HC=12
Kang et al., 2015 17 Synovial Fluid Human UPLC-QTOF-MS OA=10
Jiang et al., 2018 18 Urine Rat GC-TOF-MS OA=8, HC=8
Maher et al., 2012 19 Serum Ovine H1 NMR Oam=24, HC=12
Datta et al., 2017 20 Plasma Mouse RP-LC-MS-MS n=undefined
Adams et al., 2014 21 Synovial Fluid Human LC-MS, GC-MS, ELISA OA=20, HC=20
Huang et al., 2020 22 Plasma Human GC-QTOF-MS OA=12, HC=20
Senol et al., 2019 23 Serum Human LC-QTOF-MS-MS OKOA=14, NOKOA=14, HC=15
Pousinis et al., 2020 24 Plasma Mouse UHPLC-HR-MS OA=8, HC=7
Zhang et al., 2016 25 Plasma Human TQ-UPLC-MS DC-TKR=64, DC-NTKR=45, RC-TKR=72, RC-NTKR=76, LC-TKR=36, LC-NTKR=122
Tootsi et al., 2018 26 Serum Human UPLC-MS OA=70, HC=82
Mickiewicz et al., 2015 27 Synovial Fluid Human H1 NMR, GC-MS OA=55, HC=13
Mickiewicz et al., 2015 28 Synovial Fluid Ovine H1 NMR OA=9, HC=9
Abdelrazig et al., 2021 29 Urine Human LC-HR-MS OA=74, HC=68
Liu et al., 2021 30 Plasma Human UPLC-MS, FI-ESI-MS n=610
Yin et al., 2017 31 Urine Rat GC-MS OA=8, HC=8
Zhang et al., 2016 32 Plasma Human TQ-UPLC-MS DC-OA=64, DC-HC=45, RC-OA=72, RC-HC=76
Zhang et al., 2016 33 Synovial Fluid, Plasma Human TQ-UPLC-MS DC-OA=54, DC-HC=30, RC-OA=72, RC-HC=71
Maerz et al., 2018 34 Serum Rat H1 NMR, LC-MS-MS OA=18, HC=18
Hu et al., 2016 35 Plasma Human TQ-UPLC-MS DC-OA=64, DC-HC=45, RC-OA=72, RC-HC=76
Chen et al., 2018 36 Serum Human TQ-UPLC-MS OA=32, HC=35
Zhai et al., 2021 37 Plasma Human TQ-UPLC-MS Oaup=57, Oanup=206, Oabp=177, Oanbp=116
Zhai et al., 2010 38 Serum Human LC-MS-MS DC-OA=123, DC-HC=299, RC-OA=76, RC-HC=100
Zhang et al., 2015 39 Serum Human UPLC-MS OA=40, HC=20
Kosinska et al., 2014 40 Synovial Fluid Human FI-ESI-MS-MS, LC-MS-MS eOA=17, lOA=13, HC=9
Hügle et al., 2012 41 Synovial Fluid Human H1 NMR OA=15
He et al., 2021 42 Plasma Human GC-MS OA=12, HC=12
Li et al., 2009 43 Urine Human GC-MS OA=37, HC=37
Zhao et al., 2021 44 Serum Rat LC-MS OA=6, HC=6
Wallace et al., 2022 45 Synovial Fluid, Serum Mouse LC-MS OA=8, HC=4
Hahn et al., 2021 46 Synovial Fluid Mouse LC-MS OA=9, HC=9
Abshirini et al., 2021 47 Plasma Rats LC-MS OA=13, HC=11
Xiao et al., 2022 48 Serum Rabbit LC-MS-MS OA=6, HC=3
Pertusa et al., 2022 49 Serum Human H1-NMR OA=23, HC =53
Nieminen et al., 2022 50 Synovial Fluid Human UHPLC-QTOF-MS OA=10, HC=5

General characteristics of each study include first author and date of publication, fluid sampled, model species, method of fluid analysis for metabolomics, and sample sizes. LC=Liquid chromatography, MS=Mass spectrometry, RP=Reversed phase, HPLC=High-performance liquid chromatography, H1-NMR=Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, ELISA=Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, FI-ESI=Flow-injection electrospray ionization, QTOF=quadrupole time-of-flight, GC=Gas chromatography, TOF=Time-of-flight, TQ=Triple quadrupole, HR=High resolution, UPLC=Ultra performance liquid chromatography, OA=Osteoarthritis subjects, HC=Healthy control for comparison, OA1=Evidence of OA progression on radiographic findings 18 months from baseline, OA2=No evidence of OA progression on radiographic findings 18 months from baseline, OA GI-II=OA grades I-II using Outerbridge scale scoring, OA GIII-IV=OA grades III-IV using Outerbridge scale scoring, Oam=Models with OA induced by meniscal destabilization (MD, 12) or anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT, 12), OKOA=Knee OA and obesity (BMI≥30), NOKOA=Knee OA without obesity (BMI<30), TKR=Total knee replacement, NTKR=No total knee replacement performed, DC=Discovery cohort subjects, RC=Replication cohort subjects, LC=Longitudinal study cohort subjects, Oaup=OA patients with radiographic evidence of unilateral knee OA progression, Oanup=OA patients without radiographic evidence of unilateral knee OA progression, Oabp=OA patients with radiographic evidence of bilateral knee OA progression, Oanbp=OA patients without evidence of bilateral knee OA progression, eOA=OA with Outerbridge classification scale score ≤ 2, lOA=OA with Outerbridge classification scale score >2.