Fig. 5.

RAW 264.7 cell viability and NO production by treatment of B. bifidum EPS DA-LAIM. A Cell viability by treatment of B. bifidum EPS DA-LAIM on 24 h of incubation. B Cell viability by treatment of B. bifidum EPS DA-LAIM on 48 h of incubation. C NO production by treatment of B. bifidum EPS DA-LAIM on 24 h of incubation. D NO production by treatment of B. bifidum EPS DA-LAIM on 48 h of incubation. Cell only, RAW 264. 7 cells without sample treatment; LPS 1.0, treatment with 1.0 μg/ml LPS; LAIM, B. bifidum EPS DA-LAIM cells at a concentration of 1 × 10⁶/ml were used for treatment; LAIM EPS (50), 50 μg/ml of EPS was used for treatment; LAIM EPS (25), EPS 25 μg/ml of EPS was used for treatment; LAIM EPS (10), 10 μg/ml of EPS was used for treatment; LAIM EPS (1), 1 μg/ml of EPS was used for treatment. Asterisks show significant differences among groups at *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001 (n ≥ 3) using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s test. ns, not significant