Table 1.
Clinicodemographic characteristics of individuals with schizophrenia and HCs in two cohorts.
| Characteristics | TAMI cohort | BT cohort | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SCZ dataset (n = 194) | HC dataset (n = 100) | Statistic (t or χ2) | P | BT-SCZ dataset (n = 50) | BT-HC dataset (n = 50) | Statistic (t or χ2) | P | |
| Age, year | 43.25 ± 11.93 | 44.49 ± 15.22 | 0.71 | 0.48a | 47.64 ± 10.42 | 43.66 ± 13.64 | –1.64 | 0.11a |
| Age of onset, year | 27.68 ± 9.35 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male, n (%) | 85 (43.8%) | 36 (39.1%) | 1.36 | 0.24b | 21 (42%) | 24 (48%) | 0.16 | 0.69b |
| Female, n (%) | 109 (56.2%) | 64 (60.9%) | 29 (58%) | 26 (52%) | ||||
| Education level, year | 12.50 ± 3.55 | 15.78 ± 4.26 | 6.98 | <0.001a | 12.08 ± 2.86 | 14.62 ± 2.48 | 4.75 | <0.001a |
| MMSE | 26.81 ± 3.39 | 28.87 ± 1.10 | 7.70 | <0.001a | 25.58 ± 4.18 | 28.94 ± 1.36 | 5.40 | <0.001a |
| Duration of illness, year | 15.56 ± 10.30 | – | – | – | 24.20 ± 8.62 | – | – | – |
| PANSS score | ||||||||
| Total | 42.04 ± 10.76 | – | – | – | 73.16 ± 15.77 | – | – | – |
| Positive symptoms | 10.74 ± 3.37 | – | – | – | 18.14 ± 5.49 | – | – | – |
| Negative symptoms | 10.04 ± 3.76 | – | – | – | 19.42 ± 6.19 | – | – | – |
| General psychopathology symptoms | 21.26 ± 5.18 | – | – | – | 35.60 ± 7.49 | – | – | – |
| CPZ equivalent dosagec | 402.42 ± 324.27 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| History of nicotine use, n (%) | 65 (33.5%) | 12 (12.0%) | 14.27 | <0.001b | 17 (34%) | 3 (6%) | 10.56 | 0.001b |
| Body mass index | 25.10 ± 4.40 | 23.35 ± 3.25 | 3.88 | <0.001a | 25.44 ± 4.92 | 24.42 ± 3.27 | 1.22 | 0.23a |
TAMI Taiwan Aging and Mental Illness, BT Tri-Service General Hospital Beitou Branch, SCZ individuals with schizophrenia, HC healthy controls, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, CPZ chlorpromazine.
aIndependent t test, significance level = 0.05.
bχ2 test, significance level = 0.05.
cOnly 161 participants with schizophrenia had verified medication records in the TAMI cohort.