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. 2023 Feb 22;14:1130825. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1130825

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Copyright © 2023 Panozzo, Barion, Moore, Cobalchin, Di Stefano, Sella and Vamerali

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Leaf area (cm² plant^-1; mean ± S.E.; n=3) and shoot biomass (g dry weight plant^-1; mean ± S.E.; n = 3) of oilseed rape plants at 2-leaf stage (24 days after sowing) grown in rhizoboxes, containing soil inoculated (+ Rhizoctonia) and not inoculated (– Rhizoctonia) with R. solani under three different seed treatments, i.e. with Thiram, Sedaxane alone (Sdx) and Sedaxane in combination with Fludioxonil and Metalaxyl-M (Flu+Met+Sdx). Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (Newman–Keuls test, p ≤ 0.05) within the same soil conditions, i.e. + Rhizoctonia (round brackets) or – Rhizoctonia (squared brackets), and among + Rhizoctonia treatments and absolute control (brace brackets).