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. 2023 Feb 22;5:1057467. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1057467

Table 7.

Evaluation metrics for various representative hyperparameter configurations.

Layers Activation Pearson Spearman Procrustes GMM Comments
- - 0.916 0.896 0.272 0.814 PCA
[ ] ReLU 0.940 0.920 0.226 0.695 The approximate linearity of the ReLU activation function of this model favours distance preservation
[ ] Sigmoid 0.917 0.906 0.240 0.543 The non-linearity of the Sigmoid activation affects distance metrics slightly and improves density metrics
[3] Sigmoid 0.840 0.830 0.301 0.321 It balances distance preservation and density metric results
[5,4,3] ReLU 0.635 0.622 0.505 0.104 It is a complex model with good density metric results but produces dense points in the latent dimension not apt for visualisation of patient trajectories over time. In addition, distance metric results show that distances are not preserved and therefore it is inadequate for similarity-based retrieval