Figure 1.

Genetic relationships among haplotypes of Echinococcus multilocularis from Western Canada and other historically endemic regions. (a) Mitochondrial haplotype network based on Hamming distance, including European, Asian and North American haplotypes previously reported (white circles) [20,24,25], compared to haplotypes from Western Canada detected in our study (grey circles). The network was constructed based on concatenated sequences of mitochondrial genes nad2, cob and cox1. The ECA haplotype (in red) is the most prevalent in Alberta and has been associated with the most recent cases of human AE in this province. (b) Phylogenetic tree inferred by partitioned Bayesian analysis performed on concatenated mitochondrial DNA, using E. granulosus (G1) as an outgroup. Values on tree nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities. The 0.002 scale bar denotes genetic distance (nucleotide substitutions per site).