Table 1.

Types of systemic host defense defects and suggested evaluation

Defect	Type of Defect	Potential Evaluation
Innate immunity	Deficiency or dysfunction of innate immune cells: macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, NK cells, complement, pulmonary epithelium	CBC with differential, HIV testing, and peripheral blood flow cytometry
		Consider genetic screening for primary immunodeficiencies and anticytokine autoantibodies (76)
Cellular immunity	T-cell deficiency or dysfunction	CBC with differential, peripheral blood smear, HIV testing, bone marrow biopsy if testing suggestive of malignancy or lineage failure, peripheral blood flow cytometry, immunoglobulin concentrations
		Immunosuppressive drug concentrations (if applicable)
		Consider genetic screening for primary immunodeficiencies and anticytokine autoantibodies
Humoral immunity	B-cell deficiency or dysfunction	CBC with differential, HIV testing, peripheral blood flow cytometry, immunoglobulin concentrations with antibody concentrations after vaccination
		Immunosuppressive drug concentrations (if applicable)
	Antibody deficiency	Consider genetic screening for primary immunodeficiencies
		Immunoglobulin panel

Definition of abbreviations: CBC = complete blood count; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; NK = natural killer.