Table 1. Sensitivity/specificity in assessment of intravascular volume (volume overload).
|
Method of volume assessment |
Sensitivity |
Specificity |
Positive predictive value |
Negative predictive value |
Diagnostic accuracy |
|
Tachycardia4 |
17% |
94% |
|||
|
Orthostatic hypotension 9 |
29% |
81% |
|||
|
Dry oral mucosa 4 |
49% |
87.8% |
|||
|
47-92% |
93-96% |
||||
|
Axillary sweat 4 |
50% |
82% |
84% |
||
|
Abnormal skin turgor (sub clavicular) 4 |
73.3% |
79% |
|||
|
Abnormal skin turgor (forearm) 4 |
68.3% |
67.8% |
|||
|
Auscultation for crackles 22 |
51% (43-60%) |
79 % (73–84%) |
|||
|
Crackles for severe congestion 53 |
9% |
98% |
100% |
78% |
|
|
Crackles and edema for severe congestion 53 |
13% |
97% |
90% |
33% |
|
|
Chest X-ray 85 |
46% |
80% |
Not available |
Not available |
58% |
|
CVP 32 |
76% |
62% |
|||
|
IVC assessment (Respiratory variation)46 |
63% |
73% |
Not available |
Not available |
|
|
Lung US 50 |
88% |
90% |
Not available |
Not available |
|
|
94% |
86% |