Table 2.
The prognostic factors associated with the risk of ARDS for patients with sepsis
| Variables | Univariate logistic regression model | Multivariate logistic regression model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | P | RR (95% CI) | P | |
| Age | 0.988 (0.985–0.990) | < 0.001 | – | – |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | Ref | – | – | |
| Male | 0.984 (0.898–1.079) | 0.734 | – | – |
| BMI | ||||
| < 18.5 | Ref | Ref | ||
| ≥ 18.5 and < 25 | 0.673 (0.516–0.878) | 0.003 | 0.732 (0.542–0.987) | 0.041 |
| ≥ 25 and < 30 | 0.723 (0.556–0.941) | 0.016 | 0.748 (0.555–1.008) | 0.057 |
| ≥ 30 | 1.050 (0.810–1.362) | 0.712 | 0.863 (0.642–1.159) | 0.326 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | Ref | – | – | |
| Black | 1.346 (1.145–1.583) | < 0.001 | – | – |
| Other/unknown | 1.298 (1.171–1.438) | < 0.001 | – | – |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | Ref | – | – | |
| Married | 0.728 (0.653–0.812) | < 0.001 | – | – |
| Other/unknown | 0.851 (0.755–0.959) | 0.008 | – | – |
| SBP | 0.988 (0.927–1.053) | 0.715 | – | – |
| DBP | 0.990 (0.933–1.051) | 0.748 | – | – |
| Respiratory rate | 1.075 (1.067–1.082) | < 0.001 | 1.049 (1.041–1.058) | < 0.001 |
| Urine output | 1.635 (1.563–1.710) | < 0.001 | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | < 0.001 |
| PCO2 | 1.019 (1.015–1.022) | < 0.001 | 1.017 (1.013–1.021) | < 0.001 |
| FiO2 | 0.998 (0.996–1.000) | 0.016 | – | – |
| HCO3 − | 0.975 (0.966–0.985) | < 0.001 | – | – |
| Hemoglobin | 0.931 (0.913–0.950) | < 0.001 | – | – |
| PLT | 1.017 (0.973–1.063) | 0.459 | – | – |
| WBC | 1.015 (1.010–1.019) | < 0.001 | – | – |
| Creatinine | 1.076 (1.048–1.104) | < 0.001 | – | – |
| BUN | 1.008 (1.006–1.010) | < 0.001 | 1.005 (1.002–1.007) | < 0.001 |
| Glucose | 1.002 (1.001–1.002) | < 0.001 | – | – |
| Vasopressin | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 4.144 (3.705–4.635) | < 0.001 | 1.711 (1.491–1.964) | < 0.001 |
| CRRT | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 5.319 (4.619–6.126) | < 0.001 | 4.870 (4.054–5.851) | < 0.001 |
| Ventilation status | ||||
| High flow | Ref | Ref | ||
| Invasive vent | 11.951 (6.866–20.801) | < 0.001 | 5.617 (3.122–10.107) | < 0.001 |
| Non-invasive vent | 14.495 (9.616–21.850) | < 0.001 | 7.387 (4.825–11.308) | < 0.001 |
| Oxygen | 4.186 (2.002–8.752) | < 0.001 | 1.681 (0.751–3.760) | 0.206 |
| Trach | 4.382 (2.923–6.570) | < 0.001 | 2.906 (1.914–4.412) | < 0.001 |
| PLT-transfusion | ||||
| No | Ref | – | – | |
| Yes | 1.748 (1.558–1.962) | < 0.001 | – | – |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No | Ref | – | – | |
| Yes | 1.037 (0.942–1.142) | 0.460 | – | – |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.455 (1.321–1.604) | < 0.001 | 1.353 (1.208–1.514) | < 0.001 |
| Renal disease | ||||
| No | Ref | – | – | |
| Yes | 1.089 (0.978–1.214) | 0.121 | – | – |
| Malignant cancer | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 1.252 (1.097–1.428) | < 0.001 | 1.278 (1.097–1.488) | 0.002 |
| Liver disease | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 2.125 (1.899–2.377) | < 0.001 | 1.720 (1.505–1.967) | < 0.001 |
| Leukemia | ||||
| No | Ref | – | – | |
| Yes | 1.386 (1.000–1.922) | 0.050 | – | – |
| Myocardial infarct | ||||
| No | Ref | – | – | |
| Yes | 0.967 (0.863–1.083) | 0.557 | – | – |
| Septic shock | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 2.380 (2.015–2.811) | < 0.001 | 1.268 (1.044–1.541) | 0.017 |
| Pancreatitis | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 3.713 (2.892–4.766) | < 0.001 | 2.273 (1.693–3.053) | < 0.001 |
BMI Body mass index; SBP Systolic blood pressure; DBP Diastolic blood pressure; SPO2 Pulse oxygen saturation; PCO2 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PO2 Oxygen partial pressure; FiO2 Fraction of inspired oxygen; HCO3− Bicarbonate; PLT Platelet; WBC White blood cell; BUN Blood urea nitrogen; CRRT Continuous renal replacement therapy; RBC Red blood cell; PLT Platelets; ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome; RR Relative risk; CI confidence interval