Table 7.
Ordinary least squares regression of sociodemographic characteristics and use of technology regarding psychological well-being.
| Variable | Wave 1, coefficienta (SE) | Wave 2, coefficientb (SE) | |
| Age group (reference: 18-29 years) |
|
|
|
|
|
30-39 years | −0.72 (1.00) | 4.85 (1.62)c |
|
|
40-49 years | −0.02 (1.03) | 4.06 (1.96)d |
|
|
50-59 years | −1.63 (1.17) | —e |
|
|
≥60 years | −0.29 (1.44) | — |
|
|
≥50 years | — | 4.04 (2.30) |
| Gender (reference: female) |
|
|
|
|
|
Male or nonbinary/refused to answer | 0.26 (0.65) | −3.67 (1.31)c |
|
|
Prefer not to say | — | 1.67 (8.03) |
|
|
Nonbinary, gender fluid | — | −5.75 (7.47) |
| Education level (reference: primary or less than high school) |
|
|
|
|
|
High school | −1.77 (1.55) | −6.17 (3.69) |
|
|
Bachelor’s degree | −2.77 (1.48) | −1.75 (3.28) |
|
|
College diploma/some college | — | −2.99 (3.20) |
|
|
Master’s/professional degree | −1.38 (1.46) | −0.66 (3.36) |
|
|
PhD | −2.20 (1.57) | −2.28 (3.43) |
| Marital status (reference: having a partner) |
|
|
|
|
|
Divorced/separated/widowed | −0.28 (1.12) | −0.44 (2.91) |
|
|
Widowed | — | 5.68 (3.99) |
|
|
Single | −1.77 (0.80)d | 1.88 (1.62) |
|
|
Prefer not to say | — | 2.91 (6.51) |
| Employment status (reference: working) |
|
|
|
|
|
Retired | 0.75 (1.68) | −1.02 (2.51) |
|
|
Not working (out of a job or due to other reasons) | −0.78 (0.82) | −3.48 (1.75)d |
| Residence (reference: metropolitan/city) |
|
|
|
|
|
Rural | 1.05 (0.96) | −3.19 (2.20) |
|
|
Small town | −1.97 (0.88)d | 4.60 (1.57)c |
|
|
Suburban | −0.35 (0.80) | 2.82 (1.53) |
| Number of people living in the home environment (reference: 1) |
|
|
|
|
|
2 | −0.29 (1.01) | 3.89 (1.95)d |
|
|
3 | 1.51 (1.10) | 6.55 (2.16)c |
|
|
4 | −1.92 (1.13) | 3.90 (2.34) |
|
|
≥5 | −2.29 (1.31) | 5.88 (2.39)d |
| Number of social media apps used (reference: 0) |
|
|
|
|
|
1-2 | 0.53 (1.64) | 2.56 (2.14) |
|
|
3-4 | 0.65 (1.64) | 1.60 (2.12) |
|
|
≥5 | 2.2 (1.76) | 3.93 (2.45) |
| Joining a specific online COVID-19 community support group on social media (reference: no) |
|
|
|
|
|
Yes | −0.39 (0.72) | −7.31 (1.23)f |
aAdjusted R2=0.021.
bAdjusted R2=0.190.
cP<.01.
dP<.05.
eCategory not present.
fP<.001.