Table 1.

Abbreviations used in the text in alphabetical order.

AKT 1–2‐3 (Serine–threonine protein kinase 1–2‐3 isoform)

AMPK‐1α (5′‐AMP‐activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha‐1)

ATG7 (Autophagy Related 7)

COX IV (Cytochrome c oxidase IV)

DRP‐1 (Dynamin‐related protein 1)

FKHR‐FOXO1 (Forkhead box protein O1)

FKHRL1‐FOXO3 (Forkhead box protein O3)

GHR (Ghrelin)

GHSR (Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor)

HDAC (Histone Deacetylase inhibitors 1)

IGF (Insulin‐like growth)

IL‐33 (Interleukin 33)

IL‐6 (Interleukin 6)

IRS‐1 (Insulin receptor substrate 1)

LC3 (Autophagy marker Light Chain 3)

MMP9 (Matrix Metallopeptidase 9)

MyD88 (MyD88 Innate Immune Signal Transduction Adaptor)

NF‐kB (Nuclear Factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells)

OPN (Osteopontin)

P38 (Mitogen‐activated protein kinases MAPK P38)

P62 (Autophagy receptor)

PGC‐1α (Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha)

PPARγ (Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ)

PSMB5 (Proteasome 20S Subunit Beta 5)

PSMB8 (Proteasome 20S Subunit Beta 8)

PSMB9 (Proteasome 20S Subunit Beta 9)

PTX3 (Pentraxin 3)

RELB (v‐rel Reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B)

SIRT‐1 (Sirtuin 1)

SMAD2 (Small mother against decapentaplegic 2)

SMAD3 (Small mother against decapentaplegic 3)

TGF‐β (Transforming growth factor Beta)

TLR2 (Toll‐like receptor 2)

TLR4 (Toll‐like receptor 4)

TNF‐α (Tumor necrosis factor Alfa)

TOMM20 (Translocase of Outer Mitochondrial Membrane 20)

TRAF‐6 (Tumor necrosis factor Receptor Associated Factor 6)

TRPC‐1 (Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily C Member 1)

VDAC1 (Voltage‐Dependent Anion‐selective Channel 1)

VR‐1 (Capsaicin Receptor)