Figure 2.

- Major cytokines and growth factors released by mesenchymal stem cells and their role in wound healing and cutaneous regeneration. AMSC: adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell, VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, bFGF: basic fibroblast growth factor, HGF: hepatocyte growth factor, TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β, PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor, PGE2: prostaglandin E2, TIMPs: tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor 1, IL: interleukin, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α, CXCL1: the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, IFN-γ: interferon gamma, HIF-1α: hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha