TABLE 1.
Patient Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of the Analytic Sample, by Telehealth Exposure
| Patient demographics | n (%) | Telehealth [n (%)] | No telehealth [n (%)] | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. patients† | 20,792 (100) | 4251 (20.45) | 16,541 (79.55) | |
| Sex | 0.021* | |||
| Female | 12,069 (58.05) | 2534 (59.61) | 9535 (57.64) | |
| Male | 8723 (41.95) | 1717 (40.39) | 7006 (42.36) | |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.08 | |||
| Hispanic/Latino | 10,955 (52.69) | 2258 (53.12) | 8697 (52.58) | |
| White | 6021 (28.96) | 1191 (28.02) | 4830 (29.20) | |
| Asian | 1374 (6.61) | 288 (6.77) | 1086 (6.57) | |
| Black or African American | 1345 (6.47) | 290 (6.82) | 1055 (6.38) | |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 128 (0.66) | 20 (0.47) | 108 (0.65) | |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 90 (0.43) | 15 (0.35) | 75 (0.45) | |
| Multiple races | 73 (0.35) | 15 (0.35) | 58 (0.35) | |
| Unknown | 806 (3.88) | 174 (4.09) | 632 (3.82) | |
| Patient preferred spoken language | 0.132 | |||
| English | 10,960 (52.71) | 2191 (51.54) | 8769 (53.01) | |
| Spanish | 9139 (43.95) | 1904 (44.79) | 7235 (43.74) | |
| Other | 693 (3.33) | 156 (3.67) | 537 (3.25) | |
| Marital status | <0.001* | |||
| Single | 5034 (24.21) | 864 (20.32) | 4170 (25.21) | |
| Married/domestic partner | 4934 (23.73) | 887 (20.87) | 4047 (24.47) | |
| Significant other | 352 (1.69) | 64 (1.51) | 288 (1.74) | |
| Separated/divorced | 1172 (5.64) | 202 (4.75) | 970 (5.86) | |
| Widowed | 855 (4.11) | 163 (3.83) | 692 (4.18) | |
| Unknown | 8445 (40.62) | 2071 (48.72) | 6374 (38.53) | |
| Homelessness status | 0.072 | |||
| Yes | 94 (0.45) | 23 (0.54) | 71 (0.43) | |
| Insurance | <0.001* | |||
| Private | 1816 (8.73) | 376 (8.84) | 1440 (8.71) | |
| Medicaid | 7374 (35.47) | 1525 (35.87) | 5849 (35.36) | |
| Medicare | 6562 (31.56) | 1375 (32.35) | 5187 (31.36) | |
| Other public | 1734 (8.34) | 248 (5.83) | 1486 (8.98) | |
| Uninsured | 3306 (15.90) | 727 (17.10) | 2579 (15.59) | |
| Assigned primary care physician | 0.043* | |||
| Yes | 20,541 (98.79) | 4201 (98.82) | 16,340 (98.78) | |
| No | 251 (1.21) | 50 (1.18) | 201 (1.22) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Type II diabetes | 12,197 (58.66) | 2887 (67.91) | 9310 (56.28) | <0.001* |
| Hypertension | 17,718 (85.22) | 3567 (83.91) | 14,151 (85.55) | 0.007* |
| Congestive heart failure | 1000 (4.81) | 231 (5.43) | 769 (4.65) | 0.033* |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1297 (6.24) | 308 (7.25) | 989 (5.98) | 0.002* |
| Congenital heart disease | 1885 (9.07) | 452 (10.63) | 1433 (8.66) | <0.001* |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 1295 (6.23) | 336 (7.90) | 959 (5.80) | <0.001* |
| Secondary diabetes | 1011 (4.86) | 273 (6.42) | 738 (4.46) | <0.001* |
| Mobility impairment | 239 (1.15) | 49 (1.15) | 190 (1.15) | 0.983 |
| Substance abuse | 2031 (9.77) | 404 (9.50) | 1627 (9.84) | 0.515 |
| Alcohol use | 1068 (5.14) | 202 (4.75) | 866 (5.24) | 0.203 |
| Tobacco use | 1836 (8.83) | 361 (8.49) | 1475 (8.92) | 0.384 |
| Depression | 5251 (25.25) | 1169 (27.50) | 4082 (24.68) | <0.001* |
| Anxiety/posttraumatic stress disorder | 4050 (19.48) | 854 (20.09) | 3196 (19.32) | 0.260 |
| Other mental health condition | 3199 (15.39) | 687 (16.16) | 2512 (15.19) | 0.116 |
| Age [mean (SD)] | 57.8 (11.9) | 57.8 (11.8) | 57.8 (11.9) | 0.703 |
| Charlson score [mean (SD)] | 3.19 (1.63) | 3.46 (1.65) | 3.12 (1.62) | <0.001* |
| Body mass index [mean (SD)] | 31.76 (7.45) | 32.16 (7.44) | 31.66 (7.44) | <0.001* |
†
Percentages displayed for “number of patients” are row percentages. All other percentages presented above reflect column percentages.
*
Significant at P<0.05 level.