Table 2.

Associations between changes in distress about police brutality from 2017 to 2020 and past 30-day substance use in 2020, outcomes overall and by race/ethnicity.

		Stratified by Race/Ethnicity

	Overall sample	Black/African American	Hispanic/Latino	Multiracial	AAPI^a	White	Another race/ethnicity^b
Nicotine (OR, 95% CI)^c
Unadjusted	1.05 (0.97, 1.13)	0.81 (0.53, 1.25)	1.05 (0.94, 1.17)	1.20 (0.94,1.53)	1.10 (0.91, 1.33)	0.92 (0.74, 1.14)	1.07 (0.62, 1.85)
Adjusted	1.07 (0.98, 1.16)	0.78 (0.45, 1.34)	1.10 (0.98, 1.24)	1.20 (0.93, 1.55)	1.01 (0.82, 1.25)	0.96 (0.72, 1.27)	1.64 (0.42, 6.34)
Cannabis (OR, 95% CI)^c
Unadjusted	1.12 (1.05, 1.20) ^*	1.51 (0.99, 2.30)	1.07 (0.98, 1.17)	1.16 (0.93, 1.45)	1.16 (0.98, 1.36)	1.19 (0.97, 1.45)	1.72 (0.93, 3.19)
Adjusted	1.11 (1.04, 1.20)^*	1.66 (1.03, 2.67) ^*	1.05 (0.96, 1.16)	1.16 (0.91, 1.47)	1.09 (0.92, 1.31)	1.16 (0.93, 1.46)	1.80 (0.82, 3.96)
Alcohol (OR, 95% CI)^c
Unadjusted	1.14 (1.07, 1.22) ^*	1.41 (0.97, 2.03)	1.14 (1.04, 1.24) ^*	1.16 (0.94, 1.44)	1.07 (0.93, 1.24)	1.20 (0.97, 1.47)	1.31 (0.79, 2.18)
Adjusted	1.13 (1.05, 1.21) ^*	1.51 (1.02, 2.24) ^*	1.13 (1.02, 1.24) ^*	1.13 (0.88, 1.45)	1.06 (0.91, 1.24)	1.17 (0.92, 1.49)	2.18 (0.65, 7.26)
Other Drugs (OR, 95% CI)^c
Unadjusted	1.20 (0.97, 1.49)	1.60 (0.40, 6.30)	1.11 (0.85, 1.45)	1.35 (0.52, 3.54)	1.57 (0.76, 3.24)	1.39 (0.78, 2.50)	__________^d
Adjusted	1.19 (0.94, 1.50)	^d	1.11 (0.84, 1.47)	1.32 (0.51, 3.43)	1.60 (0.79, 3.25)	1.30 (0.67, 2.51)	__________^d
Number of substances used (RR, 95% CI)^c
Unadjusted	1.06 (1.01, 1.10)	1.22 (0.97, 1.54)	1.05 (0.99, 1.11)	1.07 (0.94, 1.21)	1.05 (0.95, 1.17)	1.04 (0.94, 1.16)	1.14 (0.86, 1.50)
Adjusted	1.08 (1.04, 1.12) ^*	1.35 (1.11, 1.65) ^*	1.06 (1.01, 1.12) ^*	1.13 (1.01, 1.26) ^*	1.05 (0.95, 1.16)	1.07 (0.98, 1.18)	1.30 (1.08, 1.56) ^*

Asian American/Pacific Islander.

Another race/ethnicity category includes middle eastern and indigenous ethnicities.

Models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, highest educational attainment, personal financial status, and previous use of categorical substances in Wave 8.

Model did not converge.

P < 0.05.