. 2023 Feb 24;17(2):e0011146. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011146

Table 3. Results of hierarchical linear models.

	Model 1			Model 2
Covariate	Estimate	SE	P-value	Estimate	SE	P-value
Month of MDA
Jan	0.0407	0.0125	0.001^*	0.0384	0.0125	0.002^*
Feb	0.0372	0.0136	0.006^*	0.0364	0.0137	0.008^*
Mar	-0.0261	0.0112	0.020^*	-0.0279	0.0112	0.013^*
Apr	-0.0087	0.0094	0.352	-0.0100	0.0094	0.287
Jun	-0.0068	0.0068	0.319	-0.0079	0.0068	0.244
Jul	-0.0221	0.0069	0.001^*	-0.0226	0.0069	0.001^*
Aug	0.0057	0.0104	0.584	0.0039	0.0104	0.708
Sep	0.0331	0.0127	0.009^*	0.0303	0.0127	0.017^*
Oct	0.0081	0.0145	0.577	0.0075	0.0145	0.608
Nov	0.0160	0.0144	0.267	0.0156	0.0145	0.280
Dec	-0.0257	0.0109	0.018^*	-0.0266	0.0109	0.015^*
Increased rainfall	-0.0027	0.0012	0.027^*	-0.0028	0.0012	0.024^*
Increased temperature	0.0080	0.0020	<0.001^*	0.0075	0.0020	<0.001^*
Round of MDA
2	0.0349	0.0071	<0.001^*	0.0347	0.0071	<0.001^*
3	0.0594	0.0084	<0.001^*	0.0595	0.0084	<0.001^*
4	0.0519	0.0086	<0.001^*	0.0524	0.0086	<0.001^*
5	0.0824	0.0090	<0.001^*	0.0821	0.0090	<0.001^*
6	0.0826	0.0090	<0.001^*	0.0831	0.0090	<0.001^*
7	0.0999	0.0094	<0.001^*	0.1007	0.0094	<0.001^*
8	0.0871	0.0146	<0.001^*	0.0891	0.0146	<0.001^*
9	0.0788	0.0181	<0.001^*	0.0827	0.0181	<0.001^*
10	0.0927	0.0194	<0.001^*	0.0938	0.0193	<0.001^*
11	0.1017	0.0247	<0.001^*	0.1036	0.0247	<0.001^*
12	0.0969	0.0316	0.002^*	0.0972	0.0316	0.002^*
MDA conducted after hiatus	0.0004	0.0081	0.961	0.0025	0.0081	0.754
MDA conducted same month as previous MDA	0.0163	0.0060	0.007^*	0.0162	0.0060	0.007^*
Focal MDA	-0.0841	0.0084	<0.001^*	-0.0842	0.0084	<0.001^*
Ramadan	0.0099	0.0077	0.196	0.0108	0.0077	0.159
COVID-19	-0.0466	0.0162	0.004^*	-0.0460	0.0163	0.005^*
Ebola	-0.0733	0.0255	0.004^*	-0.0741	0.0255	0.004^*
Violence/Social unrest
Violence/Social unrest (any type)	-0.0319	0.0085	<0.001^*
Battles				-0.0018	0.0151	0.908
Explosions/Remote violence				-0.1055	0.0270	<0.001^*
Protests				-0.0219	0.0151	0.147
Riots				-0.0254	0.0137	0.064
Violence against civilians				-0.0171	0.0165	0.301
Looting/Property destruction				0.0530	0.0543	0.329
Isolation				-0.0003	0.0002	0.077
Population density (population/km²)
Group 2: 25–53	0.0213	0.0085	0.012^*
Group 3: 53–96	0.0159	0.0090	0.076
Group 4: 96–201	0.0176	0.0092	0.057
Group 5: 201–19283	0.0061	0.0097	0.528
Constant	0.6486	0.0192	<0.001^*	0.6653	0.0191	<0.001^*

* Indicates significance at the 5% level