Table 3.
Studies retrieved by literature search on WNV and climate changes included in the systematic review and their contribute to the topic.
| N. Reference | Author | Main characteristics investigated to be included in the study | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18 | CDC | Intrauterine infection | Low frequency of intrauterine infection |
| 19 | Nir Y, et al. | WNV infection in mice following exposure to a viral aerosol | Experimental investigation supporting possibility of transmission by aerosol |
| 20 | CDC | WNV infection among turkey breeder farm workers | Epidemiologic evidence supporting WNV transmission by close contact with infected birds |
| 21 | CDC | Possible WNV transmission to an infant through breast-feeding | An infant remained healthy despite IgM were positive |
| 22 | CDC | Laboratory-Acquired WNV infections | Two laboratory workers handling WNV infected body fluids acquired the infection |
| 24 | Wang G, et al. | Dry weather induces outbreaks of human WNV infections | Drought favoured Cx. pipiens diffusion |
| 25 | Dohm DJ, et al. | Effect of environmental temperature on the ability of Cx. pipiens to transmit WNV | The best rate of Cx. pipiens infection was found at 30°C |
| 26 | Paz S. | Regional impact of climate change WNV outbreak in Israel (2000) | Heat condition in summer favoured the Israeli outbreak |
| 27 | Paz S, et al. | Warming tendency on Cx. pipiens population abundance and on the probability of WNV outbreaks | warming and season rainfall were associated with higher WNV incidence |
| 28 | Platonov AE, et al. | WNV in Volgograd, Russia, in relation to climate change and mosquito | A mild winter and a relatively hot summer appear to favour WNV |
| 29 | Soverov JE, et al. | Weather influenced WNV in the USA | Warmer temperatures, elevated humidity, and heavy precipitations favours WNV |
| 30 | Harrigan RJ, et al | A continental risk assessment of WNV virus under climate change | Expansion of WNV suitable areas is projected to increase due to higher temperatures and lower annual precipitations |
| 31 | Roiz D, et al. | Climatic effects on mosquito abundance in Mediterranean wetlands | Rainfall during the winter and temperature were related to Cx. pipiens abundance |
| 32 | Marini G, et al. | Cx. pipiens in Northwestern Italy | Inter-seasonal differences in mosquito dynamics are driven by high temperature during the spring |
| 33 | Paz S, et al. | Permissive summer temperatures of the 2010 European WNV upsurge | Heat summer temperatures and different patterns of precipitations including quantities above perennial average in May and dry conditions during the rest of summer favored WNV diffusion |
| 34 | Cotar AI, et al. | Transmission Dynamics of the WNV in Mosquito Vector Populations under the Influence of Weather Factor in the Danube Delta, Romania | Best predictors of WNV infection are temperature and precipitation during the previous 20 and 30 days respectively |
| 35 | Savage, et al. | Entomologic and avian investigation of WNV in 1996 outbreak in Romania | WNV and Cx. pipiens infection was demonstrated during the outbreak and the lineage identified was found to be associated to the WNV strains from North-Africa |
| 36 | ECDC | WNV keeps on moving up in Europe | Epidemiologic data on the diffusion of WNV in Europe during the period 2010–2018 |
| 37 | Barrett ADT | West Nile in Europe: an increasing public health problem | Distribution of WNV the during 2010–2018 period in Europe and climate change |
| 38 | CDC | West Nile Virus Statistics and maps | Statistics and maps of WNV distribution in the USA |
| 39 | Mavrakis A, et al. | Meteorological patterns and the evolution of WNV in an environmentally stressed Mediterranean area | High values of summer precipitation contributed both directly and indirectly to WNV distribution |
| 40 | ECDC | West Nile transmission season | Distribution of WNV cases during the 2022 season |
| 41 | Barzon L, et al. | Rapid spread of a new WNV lineage 1 in northern Italy | A new lineage diffusion can cause a new WNV severe outbreak with neuroinvasive cases |
| 42 | Barzon L. et al. | Early start of seasonal transmission and co-circulation of WNV-2 and WNV-1 | WNV-1 and WNV-2 circulate since 2021 in Padua region |
| 43 | Liu-Helmersson J. et al. | Distribution of Arbovirus and climate change | Climate change mitigation can affect the rapid diffusion of vectors |
| 44 | Semenza JC, et al. | Climate change projections of West Nile virus infections in Europe: implications for blood safety practices | Climate change projections for 2025 reveal a higher probability of WNV infection particularly at the edges of the current transmission areas |