Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics stratified by HIV status and cluster.
| Population | Cluster | |||||
| Characteristic n (%) or median (IQR) | Whole study population (n = 312) | People without HIV (n = 94) | People with HIV (n = 218) | Reference (n = 146) | Gut/immune activation (n = 36) | Neurovascular (n = 130) |
| Cluster | ||||||
| Reference | 146 (46.8) | 47 (50.0) | 99 (45.4) | – | – | – |
| Gut/immune activation | 36 (11.5) | 17 (18.1) | 19 (8.7) | – | – | – |
| Neurovascular | 130 (41.7) | 30 (31.9) | 100 (45.9) | – | – | – |
| Demographic | ||||||
| Age, years | 55 (51–60) | 58 (54–61) | 54 (50–59) | 55 (50–60) | 57 (52–62) | 55 (51–60) |
| Male | 258 (82.3) | 62 (66.0) | 196 (89.9) | 119 (81.5) | 27 (75) | 112 (86.2) |
| White | 285 (91.4) | 285 (91.4) | 198 (90.8) | 135 (92.5) | 32 (88.9) | 118 (90.8) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||||
| Statin use | 58 (18.6) | 12 (12.8) | 46 (21.1) | 27 (18.5) | 3 (8.3) | 28 (21.5) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 65 (20.8) | 21 (22.3) | 44 (20.2) | 31 (21.2) | 10 (27.8) | 24 (18.5) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 126 (116–140) | 130 (116–142) | 126 (116–137) | 126 (116–136) | 134 (125–154) | 126 (115–140) |
| Total cholesterol mmol/l | 5 (4.3–5.7) | 5.4 (4.6–6.0) | 4.9 (4.2–5.5) | 5 (4.3–5.7) | 4.9 (4.2–5.6) | 5.1 (4.4–5.7) |
| HDL cholesterol mmol/l | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 1.3 (1.0–1.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.4 (1.1–1.6) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) |
| Body mass index kg/m2 | 25.6 (23.1–28.4) | 26.2 (24.1–29.2) | 25.1 (22.9–28.2) | 24.8 (22.5–27.3) | 25.8 (24–29.1) | 26.4 (23.7–29.7) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never | 130 (41.7) | 45 (47.9) | 85 (39.0) | 62 (42.5) | 17 (47.2) | 51 (39.2) |
| Former | 106 (34.0) | 34 (36.2) | 72 (33.0) | 57 (39.0) | 10 (27.8) | 39 (30.0) |
| Current | 76 (24.4) | 15 (16.0) | 61 (28.0) | 27 (18.5) | 9 (25.0) | 40 (30.8) |
| HIV-related factors | Reference (n = 99) | Gut/immune activation (n = 19) | Neurovascular (n = 100) | |||
| Years since HIV diagnosis | - | - | 16.1 (8.2−21.9) | 13.9 (7.7−21.7) | 13.0 (8.2−18.0) | 17.3 (9.6−22.6) |
| CD4+ cell count, cells/μl | - | - | 607.5 (468−756) | 597 (472−760) | 656 (460−792) | 606 (458−750) |
| Nadir CD4+ cell count, cells/μl | - | - | 180 (99−280) | 218 (120−302) | 160 (108– 250) | 143 (75−250) |
| HIV-RNA undetectable (<50 copies/ml) | - | - | 204 (93.6) | 95 (96.0) | 16 (84.2) | 93 (93.0) |
| ART duration, years | - | - | 10.3 (5.4−17.1) | 8.5 (4.4−15.6) | 12.6 (7.1−16.7) | 11.7 (5.9−17.6) |
| Current abacavir use | - | - | 29 (13.3) | 13 (8.9) | 2 (5.5) | 14 (10.8) |
| Any PI use | - | - | 99 (45.4) | 42 (42.4) | 11 (57.9) | 46 (46.0) |
| Cumulative PI use | - | - | 2.31 (0.0−7.8) | 1.91 (0.0–7.5) | 3.7 (0.0–8.7) | 2.3 (0.0–7.9) |
| Any NRTI use | - | - | 190 (87.2) | 88 (88.9) | 16 (84.2) | 86 (86.0) |
| Cumulative NRTI use | - | - | 9.0 (3.7–13.9) | 6.8 (3.0–13.2) | 9.8 (5.0–13.4) | 10.2 (4.4–14.8) |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; IQR, interquartile range; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.