Fig. 2. Regulation of glucose and AMP to PTS.

(A) Diagram for glucose transport. (B to E) Gene expression of ptsI, ptsH, crr, and ptsG (n = 3) at indicated cycles (B), AMP concentration (C), 4 mM glucose (D), or both (E). (F) Intracellular glucose concentration (n = 3) exposed to AMP or/and 4 mM glucose. (G and H) Quantification of antibiotics binding to pts promoter (G) or mutated P0a, P1a, and P1b (n = 3) (H). (I) MST for competitive binding of CRP and AMP to pts promoter (left) and mutant (right) (n = 3). (J) K12 survival exposed to AMP preincubated with pts promoter or P1b mutant (n = 3). (K and L) Quantification of antibiotics binding to wild type or point-mutated (K) or multiple mutations or promoter-deleted (L) DNA fragments (n = 3). (M) Survival of mice (n = 10, log-rank test) infected with antibiotic-sensitive E. coli S2, S13, and their promoter-deleted strains. (N) Growth/viability (left), MIC (middle), and glucose (right) at the indicated cycles (n = 4). (O to Q) Growth/viability (O), MIC (P), and glucose (Q) of ∆crr and ∆ptsH at the indicated cycles exposed to AMP (n = 4). (R to T) Growth/viability (R), MIC (S), and glucose (T) of S2 and pts promoter–deleted S2 exposed to AMP (n = 4). (U and V) Gene expression of pfkA, glK, pykF, and aceE (V) and activity of HK, PFK, PK, and PDH (V) during cyclic exposure to AMP (n = 4). Results are displayed as means ± SEM, and statistically significant differences are identified by Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison post hoc test unless otherwise indicated. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01.