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In tolerance, AMP enters bacterial cells, promotes pts, and inhibits PDH, which drive glucose fluxes into PPP and promote ROS production. In resistance, the reduced glucose gradually activates cAMP/CRP to promote DNA MMR and up-regulate the expression of ampC. The elevated AmpC confers AMP resistance. Reagents that scavenge ROS delay the occurrence of resistance, while those that promote ROS prime antibiotic resistance.
