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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 8.
Published in final edited form as: Hum Mov Sci. 2020 Jun 23;72:102654. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102654

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Experimental design. (a) External Focus Condition: Participants were instructed to reach for and grasp the center of a red and white dowel with their tested hand and then place the red end of the dowel vertically into a red target hole. As illustrated above, for participants executing the task with their right hand, the red-right condition required an overhand (OH) grasp for ESC and the red-left condition, an underhand (UH) grasp for ESC. (b) Control Condition: Participants were asked to move the colored dowel from the cradle to another horizontal location without the need to rotate the dowel to a vertical position or place it into a target hole. (c) Internal Focus Condition: Participants were instructed to reach for and grasp the center of a neutral-colored dowel with their “thumb up” (underhand) or “thumb down” (overhand) and then place the dowel vertically into a neutral target.