Extended Data Fig. 8. The drift barrier hypothesis on different times and different mutation rate parameters used to estimate N_e with phylogenetic regression (PGLS).

a. The correlation between N_e and the mutation rate per generation is not significant when using the most recent value before 30,000 years estimated by PSMC. b. The relationship is also not significant when using the harmonic mean over a more recent period of time (30,000 years to 130,000 years ago). However, this relationship is significant for mammals (adjusted r² = 0.104, p = 0.04). We used the harmonic mean over the past million years in the main text, as PSMC is not reliable over recent periods. c. When looking at the relationship between the mutation rate and N_e, estimated using the pedigree-based mutation rate, we find a stronger signal over the past 1,000,000 years, probably due to the circularity of this analysis. d. However, the relationship is still not significant when using the most recent time point or e. the average over the past 100,000 years.