Fabrication and characterization of 3D artificial bones. (A) CT data of normal goat leg. (B) Sectional image of 3D model of normal goat leg by CT reconstruction from A. (C) Sectional image of 3D bony structure of goat femur. (D) Typical long (1.5 cm) load-bearing femur bone model. (E) Left and right images show the designed alternate slices used to fabricate 3D artificial bones. (F) The prepared PCL/HA 3D artificial bones. (G) SEM image of PCL/HA 3D artificial bone surface. The upper-right image is magnified from the corresponding area. (H) SEM image of cross-section of PCL/HA 3D artificial bones. The upper-right image is magnified from the corresponding area. (I) Typical force−displacement curves of artificial and natural bones. (a) Adult goat femur, (b) BAM artificial bone, (c) PCL 3D artificial bone, and (d) PCL/HA 3D artificial bone. Reprinted with permission from Xu, N.; Ye, X.; Wei, D.; Zhong, J.; Chen, Y.; Xu, G.; He, D. 3D Artificial Bones for Bone Repair Prepared by Computed Tomography-Guided Fused Deposition Modeling for Bone Repair. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces2014, 6, 14,952–14963. Copyright 2014 American Chemical Society.