Table 2.
Staining A and B cell frequencies of lymphocyte subsets per diagnosis and CMV status.
| HC CMV- | HC CMV+ | MDD CMV- | MDD CMV+ | Test statistic | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| staining A | ||||||
| CD3, Md (IQR) | 57.1 (10.6) | 63.7 (7.83)* | 61 (11.5) | 63.9 (11.2)* | χ2 = 16.89 | <0.001 |
| CD4, Md (IQR) | 37.8 (9.2) | 40.1 (8.85) | 39.1 (9.55) | 38.51 (11) | χ2 = 4.27 | 0.23 |
| CD8, Md (IQR) | 16.4 (7.6) | 18.2 (6.75)* | 17.6 (5.7) | 21.25 (7.25)* | χ2 = 25.54 | <0.001 |
| NK, Md (IQR) | 9 (4.97) | 7.7 (5.21) | 8.2 (5.22) | 7.81 (5.65) | χ2 = 4.06 | 0.26 |
| B, Md (IQR) |
7.07 (3.14) |
8.03 (3.03) |
7.28 (2.76) |
8.02 (3.97) |
χ2 = 4.33 |
0.23 |
| staining B | ||||||
| Th naïve, Md (IQR) | 28.9 (9.1) | 28.55 (13.08) | 25.8 (11) | 22.3 (12.03)* | χ2 = 20.24 | <0.001 |
| Th memory, Md (IQR) | 21.9 (8.1) | 22.45 (8.18) | 24.7 (9.05)* | 24.61 (10.35)* | χ2 = 10.69 | 0.01 |
| Th1, Md (IQR) | 4.37 (2.21) | 5.9 (3.59)* | 4.36 (2.88) | 5.42 (2.94)* | χ2 = 23.31 | <0.001 |
| Th2, Md (IQR) | 0.47 (0.23) | 0.43 (0.22) | 0.41 (0.31) | 0.44 (0.26) | χ2 = 6.90 | 0.08 |
| Th17, Md (IQR) | 0.30 (0.16) | 0.26 (0.15) | 0.32 (0.24) | 0.29 (0.16) | χ2 = 3.97 | 0.26 |
| Treg, Md (IQR) | 1.87 (0.95) | 1.84 (0.92) | 2.12 (0.10)* | 1.85 (0.69) | χ2 = 9.17 | 0.03 |
Notes. MDD Major depressive disorder; HC healthy controls; CMV cytomegalovirus; Md median; IQR interquartile range. Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed. *CD3 cell frequencies in the MDD and HC groups with CMV were significantly higher compared to HC without CMV (p = 0.002 in both cases). CD8 cell frequencies in the HC and MDD groups with CMV were significantly higher than their counterparts without CMV (p = 0.04 and p < 0.001, respectively), while the latter group also had increased cell frequencies compared to both HC groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.04). Th naïve cell frequencies of the MDD group with CMV were significantly lower than all other groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.005, respectively). Th memory cell frequencies of the MDD groups with and without CMV were significantly higher than HC without CMV (p = 0.02 in both cases). Th1 cell frequencies were significantly increased in the CMV positive MDD and HC groups compared to their CMV negative counterparts (p = 0.004 in both cases). Treg cell frequencies of the MDD group without CMV were significantly higher than MDD patients with CMV (p = 0.03).