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. 2022 Nov 21;30(11):29164–29179. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-24019-z

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Fig. 2 — Fourier transform infrared spectra of the pristine, before fouling extraction (fouled), and after the fouling extraction surfaces of (a) PVDF and (b) modified PVDF (mPVDF) used in the fouling tests (operation time > 800 h). Transmittance is expressed in arbitrary units (a.u.)