. 2023 Feb 23;10:1056064. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1056064

Table 5.

Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for adverse pregnancy outcomes and neonatal outcomes by group with different ages and parities.

Variables	Parity	A1	A2	A3	AMA	vAMA
Gestational hypertension	Nulliparas	1	1.25 (0.95–1.64)	1.67 (1.17–2.37)^**	5.52 (3.36–9.09)^***	8.17 (3.07–21.76)^***
Gestational hypertension	Multiparas	3.86 (0.89–16.84)	2.54 (1.22–5.29)^*	4.47 (3.18–6.27)^***	4.53 (3.26–6.29)^***	9.86 (6.22–15.62)^***
Eclampsia/pre-eclampsia	Nulliparas	1	2.02 (1.37–2.97)^***	3.48 (2.22–5.45)^***	7.75 (4.16–14.44)^***	11.30 (3.54–36.08)^***
Eclampsia/pre-eclampsia	Multiparas	4.41 (0.58–33.80)	4.59 (1.95–10.78)^***	6.66 (4.25–10.44)^***	7.20 (4.64–11.15)^***	17.43 (10.02–30.33)^***
Gestational diabetes mellitus	Nulliparas	1	1.13 (1.00–1.26)^*	1.47 (1.25–1.73)^***	2.76 (2.06–3.71)^***	2.84 (1.43–5.65)^**
Gestational diabetes mellitus	Multiparas	0.92(0.41–2.08)	1.21 (0.87–1.70)	1.60 (1.38–1.85)^***	2.10 (1.78–2.47)^***	2.56 (1.92–3.43)^***
Placenta previa	Nulliparas	1	1.08 (0.66–1.78)	1.88 (1.01–3.50)^*	6.60 (2.94–14.82)^***	14.60 (3.95–54.04)^***
Placenta previa	Multiparas	0.00	3.71 (1.24–11.11)^*	5.73 (3.34–9.84)^***	9.71 (5.81–16.24)^***	14.60 (7.49–28.48)^***
Placental implantation	Nulliparas	0.68 (0.43–1.06)	0.67 (0.33–1.36)	1.47 (0.43–5.09)	3.82 (0.47–30.78)	0.68 (0.43–1.06)
Placental implantation	Multiparas	0.00	0.89 (0.12–6.67)	1.72 (0.90–3.26)	2.77 (1.59–4.80)^***	5.24 (2.31–11.91)^***
Postpartum hemorrhage	Nulliparas	1	1.41 (1.08–1.83)^*	1.84 (1.33–2.56)^***	2.78 (1.66–4.65)^***	4.50 (1.73–11.75)^**
Postpartum hemorrhage	Multiparas	1.85 (0.43–8.02)	2.33 (1.27–4.29)^**	3.22 (2.34–4.43)^***	3.52 (2.56–4.83)^***	4.55 (2.83–7.33)^***
Preterm birth	Nulliparas	1	0.81 (0.70–0.94)^**	0.73 (0.57–0.92)^**	2.23 (1.46–3.40)^***	2.74 (1.03–7.31)^*
Preterm birth	Multiparas	5.07 (2.13–12.06)^***	3.87 (2.50–5.99)^***	2.16 (1.74–2.69)^***	2.15 (1.72–2.69)^***	3.25 (2.16–4.88)^***
Cesarean section	Nulliparas	1	1.14 (1.03–1.26)^*	1.39 (1.20–1.61)^***	10.05 (6.83–14.79)^***	11.95 (4.42–32.27)^***
Cesarean section	Multiparas	1.74 (0.91–3.30)	3.87 (2.86–5.23)^***	6.94 (6.05–7.96)^***	7.06 (5.88–8.48)^***	8.94 (6.21–12.89)^***
Transfer to neonatal unit	Nulliparas	1	0.89 (0.77–1.03)	0.92 (0.74–1.14)	1.94 (1.28–2.92)^**	4.09 (1.65–10.13)^**
Transfer to neonatal unit	Multiparas	1.34 (0.30–5.89)	2.25 (1.37–3.69)^**	3.14 (2.49–3.97)^***	3.41 (2.74–4.24)^***	5.35 (3.62–7.93)^***
Apgar score <7 within 5 min of birth	Nulliparas	1	1.08 (0.73–1.61)	1.15 (0.65–2.04)	1.78 (0.61–5.24)^*	3.25 (0.42–25.42)
Apgar score <7 within 5 min of birth	Multiparas	4.21 (0.55–32.13)	2.78 (0.96–8.09)	2.83 (1.71–4.68)^*	2.96 (1.79–4.91)^*	4.82 (2.24–10.40)^*

^*p < 0.05, statistically difference, ^**p < 0.01, statistically significant difference, ^***p < 0.001, highly statistically significant difference. A1: 20–24 years old women, A2: 25–29 years old women, A3: 30–34 years old women, AMA: 35–39 years old women, and vAMA: ≥40 years old women.