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. 2023 Mar 8;13:3907. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29547-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Correlations between EEG features and individuals’ smoking-related characteristics. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the association between EEG characteristics (relative EEG band powers and coherence) and individuals’ smoking history measures (cigarettes per day, FTND, and number of quit attempts). (A) Across smokers and past-smokers, individuals who have smoked more (or had smoked more in the past for past-smokers) showed lower theta band power, (B) but higher alpha coherence. (A) In addition, individuals who self-reported higher nicotine dependence (FTND score) showed lower theta band power, and who had more quit attempts showed higher theta power. Each dot represents an individual participant, and the color-coded lines are the regression line between the corresponding measures.