Table 2.

Characteristics of Grey Literature Audit Tools.

Tool #*	Organization (Year)	Country (province/state/region)	Disability Types Considered	Environment Assessed	Measure of conceptualization/operationalization	Components Assessed	Grounding Evidence	Tool Strengths	Tool Weaknesses
9	Ontario Parks Association (2001)	Canada (Ontario)	Not specified	Playgrounds in parks	Accessibility, playability	Play space layout, access, amenities	Developed based on consultations with children and adults with disabilities and park industry stakeholders	Measures accessibility and playability. Tool is easily implemented by multiple auditors using typically available materials. Includes playground users with disabilities in audit process.	Evaluates 8/14 recommendations and promising practice from Brown et al. Auditor familiar with relevant policy standards must be present.
10	City of Tempe (2019)	United States (Arizona)	Not specified	Playgrounds in parks	Usability, accessibility, playability	Physical/social/sensory play, access	Created the inclusivity index through adaptation of the Playworld Systems Inclusive Play Design Guide (2013)	Measures usability, accessibility and playability. Provides scoring index for inclusivity index. Tool is easily implemented by multiple auditors using typically available materials.	Evaluates 6/14 recommendations and promising practice from Brown et al. Does not consider user involvement in audit. Majority of the tool focuses on types of play and the equipment that supports this play, instead of general guidelines for accessibility.
11	New South Wales Government (2019)	Australia (New South Wales)	Not specified	Play spaces (accessibility, universal design)	Usability, accessibility, playability	Location, access, play experience, wayfinding, equipment, facilities, landscape	Adapted the Seven Principles of Universal Design (Ron Mace et al., 1997) and the Eight Goals of Universal Design (Steinfield and Maisel, 2012)	Measures usability, accessibility and playability. Tool is easily implemented by multiple auditors using typically available materials. Evaluates 13/14 recommendations and promising practice from Brown et al. Includes playground users with disabilities in audit process.
12	Inclusive Play Working Group, South Australian Government (2019)	Australia (South Australia)	Not specified	Outdoor play spaces (accessibility, useability)	Usability, accessibility, playability	Environmental barriers/accessibility, amenities, equipment play value	Builds on ‘Inclusive South Australia’, the State Disability Inclusion Plan 2019-2023	Measures usability, accessibility and playability. Tool is easily implemented by multiple auditors using typically available materials. Evaluates 13/14 recommendations and promising practice from Brown et al. Includes playground users with disabilities in audit process.	Auditor familiar with relevant policy standards must be present to conduct the playground safety audit.
13	Play Wales, Alison John and Associates (2017)	Wales (Cardiff)	Physical, cognitive, mental, sensory	Play spaces (accessibility, playability)	Accessibility, playability	Key site features, location, care and maintenance, equipment play value, accessibility	Equity Act (2010), focus groups of parents, local authorities responsible for managing play areas, play development officers and children's organizations.	Measures usability, accessibility and playability. Tool is easily implemented by multiple auditors using typically available materials. Evaluates 12/14 recommendations and promising practice from Brown et al. Includes playground users with disabilities in audit process.	This resource would be less intuitive for comparing and contrasting multiple spaces.
14	New England ADA Centre (2010)	United States	Physical	Playgrounds and play spaces (accessibility)	Accessibility	Accessible routes, ground level play components, elevated play components, play components, ground surfaces	2010 Americans with Disabilities Act Standards for Accessible Design	Tool is easily implemented by auditors using typically available materials.	Evaluates accessibility only. Evaluates 7/14 recommendations and promising practice from Brown et al. Tool is not conducted with stakeholders present.

^*Article # corresponds with synthesis of tools in Table 3.