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. 2023 Jan 10;15(1):19–33. doi: 10.1007/s12551-022-01040-7

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© International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics (IUPAB) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 3 — Application of artificial intelligence for analysis and monitoring of cardiovascular diseases: (a) relationship between artificial intelligence, machine learning, neural networks, and deep learning and (b) incorporation of machine learning and deep learning into CFD, 4D-flow MRI, and wearable sensors