Table I.
Maximum Concentration (Cmax), Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) and Ranges for Cannabis Analytes in Urine following Oral and Vaporized Cannabis Administration
| Dose (mg) | Mean (SD) | Median | Range | Mean (SD) | Median | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ∆9-THC-COOH Cmax (ng/mL) | ∆9-THC-COOH Tmax (h) | |||||
| Oral | ||||||
| 10 | 52.0 (37.9) | 42.6 | 6.1–163.3 | 4.9 (1.5) | 5.0 | 2.0–8.0 |
| 25 | 155.4 (144.9) | 131.2 | 27.0–599.7 | 5.6 (1.1) | 6.0 | 4.0–8.0 |
| Vaporized | ||||||
| 5 | 18.2 (20.8) | 12.0 | 1.7–90.8 | 4.2 (1.9) | 4.0 | 2.0–8.0 |
| 20 | 54.3 (50.4) | 24.9 | 5.7–192.1 | 3.9 (1.7) | 4.0 | 2.0–8.0 |
| ∆9-THC Cmax (ng/mL) | ∆9-THC Tmax (h) | |||||
| Oral | ||||||
| 10 | 1.4 (1.4) | 1.1 | 0.0–4.5 | 2.7 (1.7) | 3.0 | 0.0–6.0 |
| 25 | 5.0 (4.4) | 3.7 | 0.6–14.3 | 3.6 (1.6) | 3.0 | 2.0–8.0 |
| Vaporized | ||||||
| 5 | 2.9 (4.2) | 1.2 | 0.0–15.5 | 1.0 (0.6) | 1.0 | 0.0–3.0 |
| 20 | 18.2 (20.7) | 11.1 | 0.0–80.8 | 1.1 (0.5) | 1.0 | 0.0–2.0 |
| 11-OH-∆9-THC Cmax (ng/mL) | 11-OH-∆9-THC Tmax (h) | |||||
| Oral | ||||||
| 10 | 73.3 (65.6) | 50.6 | 8.2–245.4 | 3.3 (1.2) | 4.0 | 1.0–5.0 |
| 25 | 222.0 (205.5) | 159.8 | 29.0–863.0 | 4.0 (1.6) | 4.0 | 2.0–8.0 |
| Vaporized | ||||||
| 5 | 24.9 (35.1) | 11.3 | 2.1–160.8 | 1.7 (1.2) | 1.0 | 1.0–6.0 |
| 20 | 115.9 (133.7) | 65.6 | 7.8–507.1 | 1.7 (1.3) | 1.0 | 1.0–6.0 |
| THCV-COOH Cmax (ng/mL) | THCV-COOH Tmax (h) | |||||
| Oral | ||||||
| 10 | 8.6 (5.2) | 8.0 | 1.4–21.9 | 3.9 (1.5) | 4.0 | 2.0–8.0 |
| 25 | 27.4 (17.8) | 25.6 | 4.4–74.5 | 4.2 (1.4) | 5.0 | 2.0–8.0 |
| Vaporized | ||||||
| 5 | 2.4 (2.2) | 1.5 | 0.0–7.5 | 2.0 (2.3) | 2.0 | 0.0–8.0 |
| 20 | 10.8 (6.6) | 10.4 | 0.0–24.2 | 2.3 (1.9) | 2.0 | 0.0–8.0 |
| CBN Cmax (ng/mL) | CBN Tmax (h) | |||||
| Oral | ||||||
| 10 | 10.5 (10.4) | 7.5 | 1.1–42.8 | 3.3 (1.3) | 4.0 | 1.0–6.0 |
| 25 | 25.2 (26.7) | 14.0 | 3.3–110.5 | 3.7 (1.5) | 3.0 | 2.0–8.0 |
| Vaporized | ||||||
| 5 | 0.6 (0.8) | 0.3 | 0–2.5 | 0.6 (0.5) | 0.3 | 0.0–1.0 |
| 20 | 1.4 (1.4) | 1.1 | 0.0–4.5 | 1.4 (0.5) | 1.1 | 0.0–2.0 |
| 8,11-diOH-∆9-THC Cmax (ng/mL) | 8,11-diOH-∆9-THC Tmax (h) | |||||
| Oral | ||||||
| 10 | 28.4 (22.4) | 21.9 | 4.6–103.3 | 3.9 (1.3) | 4.0 | 2.0–6.0 |
| 25 | 76.3 (55.3) | 60.0 | 20.2–202.2 | 4.2 (1.6) | 5.0 | 2.0–8.0 |
| Vaporized | ||||||
| 5 | 2.4 (3.5) | 2.0 | 0–13.8 | 2.0 (2.1) | 2.0 | 0.0–8.0 |
| 20 | 10.8 (8.4) | 10.4 | 1.3–25.7 | 2.3 (1.5) | 2.0 | 1.0–6.0 |
Notes: SD = standard deviation, h = hour, range indicates the Cmax and Tmax range across participants. n = 21 across all analytes. LOQ for ∆9-THC-COOH, THCV-COOH and 8,11-diOH-∆9-THC was 1.0 ng/mL; the LOQ for ∆9-THC, 11-OH-∆9-THC and CBN was 0.25 ng/mL. The upper limit of linearity and carry-over limit for all analytes was 1,000 ng/mL.