TABLE 2.
THER-I-ACT observations: The observations (mean) for individual categories by a rater (17 participants; two sessions each).
| Themes and individual aspects | Mean for robot interaction | Mean for therapist | Mean for helper interaction | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | Time used | Frequency | Time used | Frequency | Time used | |||||||
| Number of sessions evaluated | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 18 | 18 | ||||||
| R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | R1 | R2 | |
| 1. Provision of information | ||||||||||||
| a. Treatment goal | 2.8 | 2.8 | 130 | 128 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <1 | <1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| b. Training specifications | 0.6 | 0.6 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | <1 | 0 |
| c. Instructions | 287.5 | 287.2 | 1519 | 1529 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 34 | 36 | 29.9 | 30.0 | 57 | 58 |
| 2. Feedback | ||||||||||||
| a. Knowledge of performance (KP) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | <1 | <1 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 2 | 2 |
| (unless corrective) | ||||||||||||
| b. KP with positive social stimuli | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | <1 | <1 | 0.6 | 0.7 | <1 | 1 |
| c. KP with negative social stimuli | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| d. Corrective KP (cKP) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| e. cKP with positive social stimuli | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| f. cKP with negative social stimuli | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| g. Knowledge of result (KR) | 16.6 | 16.5 | 147 | 163 | 0.2 | 0.3 | <1 | <1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| h. KR with positive social stimuli | 2.2 | 2.2 | 17 | 17 | 0.2 | 0.2 | <1 | <1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| i. KR with negative social stimuli | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 3. Motivational interactions | ||||||||||||
| a. Other than KP or KR | 1.2 | 1.2 | 10 | 10 | 0.3 | 0.2 | <1 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | <1 | <1 |
| 4. Bond | ||||||||||||
| a. Showing interest in the person treated | 31.4 | 31.6 | 201 | 207 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 14 | 13 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 18 | 17 |
| b. Personal aspects (treating person) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | <0.1 | 0 | <1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | <1 | <1 |
| c. Responsivity | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 4 | 4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 |
| d. Conflict solving | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | <0.1 | <0.1 | 1 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | <1 | <1 |
| 5. Other types of interaction | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.2 | <1 | <1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1 | 1 |
| 6. Presence (concentration) and engagement | ||||||||||||
| (treating person) (0–10) | 5.0 | 5.0 | 9.0 | 9.5 | 10 | 9.5 | ||||||
| 7. Focussed attention and engagement | ||||||||||||
| (patient) (0–10) | 8.6 | 8.6 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a | n.a. | ||||||
| Length of the therapeutic session (minutes) | 81 | 81 | ||||||||||
R1 and R2, rater 1 and 2, respectively; frequency, frequency of the occurrence of a therapeutic interaction within a session (count) and the mean across observations rounded to one decimal; time used, time used for therapeutic interactions within a session (in seconds) and the mean across observations rounded to seconds (without decimals); KP, knowledge of performance; KR, knowledge of result; 1presence (concentration) and engagement by the supervising therapist observable and rated only for 28 sessions.