Table 2.
Associations of characteristics upon admission with 30-day survival.
| Characteristic | All patients (n = 211) | Survivor (n = 147) | Non-survivor (n = 64) | P value | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics upon admission | |||||
| Heart rate | 84 (71–101) | 82 (71–98) | 89 (70–112) | 0.149 | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) |
| Respiratory rate | 12 (4–15) | 12 (3–15) | 12 (4–15) | 0.398 | 1.02 (0.97–1.06) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 166 ± 31 | 164 ± 29 | 170 ± 35 | 0.211 | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 95 ± 19 | 93 ± 18 | 99 ± 22 | 0.069 | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) |
| Anisocoria | 57 (27%) | 37 (25%) | 20 (31%) | 0.456 | 0.74 (0.39–1.41) |
| Mydriasis | 37 (18%) | 18 (12%) | 19 (30%) | 0.004** | 0.33 (0.16–0.68) |
| Pinpoint pupils | 57 (27%) | 32 (22%) | 25 (39%) | 0.015* | 0.43 (0.23–0.82) |
| Abnormal light reflex | 182 (86%) | 122 (83%) | 60 (94%) | 0.075 | 0.33 (0.11–0.98) |
| GCS score | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 3 (3–5) | 0.099 | 1.14 (1.00–1.29) |
| Emergency hemostatic drugs | 78 (37%) | 60 (41%) | 18 (28%) | 0.129 | 1.75 (0.93–3.33) |
| Emergency mechanical ventilation | 190 (90%) | 131 (89%) | 59 (92%) | 0.664 | 0.69 (0.24–2.00) |
| Emergency decompression | 123 (58%) | 86 (59%) | 37 (58%) | 1 | 1.03 (0.57–1.85) |
| Emergency external ventricular drainage | 13 (6%) | 10 (7%) | 3 (5%) | 0.783 | 1.49 (0.39–5.56) |
| Image characteristics upon admission | |||||
| Hematoma volume (ml) | 9.6 (5.8–14.8) | 9.2 (5.3–14.0) | 11.8 (7.7–17.7) | 0.006** | 0.94 (0.91–0.98) |
| Location of hemorrhage | |||||
| Dorsal location | 99 (47%) | 60 (41%) | 39 (61%) | 0.011* | 0.44 (0.24–0.81) |
| Crossing the midline | 190 (90%) | 128 (87%) | 62 (97%) | 0.053 | 0.22 (0.05–0.96) |
| Midbrain | 151 (72%) | 106 (72%) | 45 (70%) | 0.920 | 1.09 (0.57–2.08) |
| Pons | 207 (98%) | 143 (97%) | 64 (100%) | 0.434 | NA |
| Medulla | 12 (6%) | 7 (5%) | 5 (8%) | 0.578 | 0.58 (0.18–1.92) |
| Extension of hemorrhage | |||||
| Cerebellum | 34 (16%) | 20 (14%) | 14 (22%) | 0.194 | 0.56 (0.26–1.20) |
| Thalamus | 24 (11%) | 12 (8%) | 12 (10%) | 0.047* | 0.38 (0.16–0.91) |
| Basal ganglia | 23 (11%) | 13 (9%) | 10 (16%) | 0.225 | 0.52 (0.22–1.27) |
| Ventricle | 125 (59%) | 82 (56%) | 43 (67%) | 0.162 | 0.62 (0.33–1.14) |
| Hydrocephalus | 8 (4%) | 4 (3%) | 4 (6%) | 0.399 | 0.42 (0.10–1.72) |
| Laboratory blood examinations upon admission | |||||
| White blood cell count (1012/L) | 11.3 (9.0–13.7) | 11.0 (8.8–13.5) | 11.8 (9.5–15.7) | 0.093 | 0.93 (0.87–1.00) |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 133.2 ± 20.6 | 131.3 ± 16.7 | 137.6 ± 27.0 | 0.093 | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) |
| Platelet (109/L) | 179.8 ± 60.4 | 184.8 ± 57.0 | 168.4 ± 66.4 | 0.094 | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 31 (10–77) | 33 (13–76) | 24 (5–75) | 0.199 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
| Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 7.6 (6.5–8.9) | 7.5 (6.4–8.8) | 8.0 (6.9–9.3) | 0.239 | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) |
| Blood creatinine (μmol/L) | 76 (62–108) | 73 (58–96) | 91 (70–134) | <0.001*** | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) |
| TnT (ng/ml) | 0.02 (0.01–0.05) | 0.02 (0.01–0.04) | 0.04 (0.02–0.18) | <0.001*** | 0.13 (0.03–0.52) |
| APTT (s) | 36.3 ± 6.0 | 35.7 ± 5.4 | 37.7 ± 7.1 | 0.045* | 0.95 (0.90–0.99) |
| D-Dimer (μg/L) | 2,045 (882–4,962) | 1,860 (860–3,990) | 2,410 (890–5,080) | 0.492 | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
Data are expressed as n (%), mean ± SD, median (IQR), OR (95% CI), as appropriate.
TnT, troponin T; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time.
NA, not available.