Table 2.
Test | Test type | Virus detected | Target | Biological matrix | Reference assay | Sensitivity | Specificity | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ReEBOV RDT (Corgenix, USA)** | Immuno-chromatographic assay | ZEBOV, SUDV, BDBV | VP40 | Whole EDTA blood, serum, plasma | RealStar Filovirus Screen RT-PCR kit (Altona Diagnostics, Germany) | Plasma: 93.2%* | Whole EDTA blood: 98%. Plasma: 80.3%. Calculated using rRT-PCR as benchmark | (55) |
SD Q Line Ebola Zaire Ag test (SD Biosensor, Korea)** | Immuno-precipitation lateral flow assay | ZEBOV | GP, NP, VP40 | Plasma, serum and whole blood | RealStar Filovirus Screen RT-PCR kit (Altona Diagnostics, Germany) | Plasma: 84.50%* | Whole EDTA blood: 100%. Plasma: 99.0%. Calculated using rRT-PCR as benchmark | (55) |
OraQuick Ebola Rapid Antigen Test (OraSure Technologies, USA)** | Immuno-chromatographic lateral flow assay | BDBV, ZEBOV, SUDV: | VP40 | Oral fluid and whole blood | RT-PCR GeneXpert Ebola Test (Cepheid, USA) | Whole blood: 57.4%* | Whole blood: 98.3%. Calculated using rRT-PCR as benchmark | (56) |
Dual Path Platform (DPP) Ebola antigen system (Chembio, USA)** | Immuno-chromatographic lateral flow assay | ZEBOV | VP40 | Venous whole EDTA blood, venous plasma, serum and capillary fingerstick | RT-PCR by Trombley et al. (43) | Serum: 77.10%* | Serum: 91.7% cross reactivity with malaria and other relevant HF pathogens | (57) |
QuickNavi-Ebola (Denka, Seiken, Tokyo, Japan)** | Immuno-chromatographic assay | ZEBOV, BDBV, TAFV: | NP | Whole blood and serum | RT-PCR GeneXpert Ebola Test (Cepheid, USA) | Whole blood: 85%* | Whole blood: 99.8%. Calculated using r Gene Expert RT-PCR as benchmark | (58) |
E-ZYSCREEN RDT (CEA, Saclay, France) | Lateral flow immunoassay | ZEBOV | GP | Whole blood and serum | RealStar Filovirus Screen RT-PCR kit (Altona Diagnostics, Germany) and RT-PCR by Weidmann et al. (46) | Whole blood: 65.3%*. Serum: 74.5%* | Whole blood: 98.8%. Serum: 100%. No cross reactivity with major hemorrhagic fever virus | (59) |
DEDIATEST Ebola (Senova, Germany) | Lateral flow immunoassay | ZEBOV | VP40 | Serum, throat swab, whole EDTA blood, plasma | RealStar Filovirus Screen RT-PCR kit (Altona Diagnostics, Germany) | Plasma: 79.5%* | Whole EDTA blood: 100%. Plasma: 84.3%. Calculated using Altona rRT-PCR as benchmark | (55) |
One step Ebola test (Intec, China). | Lateral flow immunoassay | ZEBOV | ND | whole EDTA blood, plasma | RealStar Filovirus Screen RT-PCR kit (Altona Diagnostics, Germany) | Plasma: 98.4%* | Whole EDTA blood: 95%. Plasma: 80.2%. Calculated using Altona rRT-PCR as benchmark | (55) |
Ebola Ag K-SeT (Coris BioConcept, Gembloux, Belgium) | Immuno-chromatographic lateral flow assay | ZEBOV | VP40 | Whole blood, plasma and serum | RealStar Filovirus Screen RT-PCR kit (Altona Diagnostics, Germany) | Plasma: 88.6%* | Plasma: 98.1%. The specificity of the assay was validated with malaria, HIV, hepatitis viruses, Zika Virus, DENV3, and EBV | (60) |
NMRC EBOV LFI (Naval Medical Research Center for EBOV, Bethesda, USA) | Lateral flow immunoassay | SUDV, TAFV, RESTV | GP | Plasma, serum, oral swab | RT-PCR by Trombley et al. (43) | Plasma: 87.8%*. Oral swab: 88.9%* | Plasma: 97.5%. Oral swab: 96.1%. Calculated using rRT-PCR as benchmark | (61) |
*The sensitivity of the tests was calculated using reference assay as benchmark, references (55–61). **Current commercially available tests.
BDBV, Bundibugyo virus; DENV3, Dengue serotype 3; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; GP, glycoprotein; HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; NP, nucleoprotein; RESTV, Reston Ebola virus; SUDV, Sudan virus; TAFV, Tai Forest Ebola virus; VP40, viral protein 40; ZEBOV, Ebola virus Zaire; HF, Hemorrhagic Fever.