FIGURE 2.

Pupillary reflexes. The diameter of the pupil changes in response to specific conditions such as variations in object distance and level of illumination. The accommodation reflex, an adjustment for near vision, results in pupillary constriction, and inward rotation of the eyes as an object draws nearer. Dim lighting elicits pupillary dilation as does emotional arousal. Increased brightness of lighting causes pupillary constriction and the effect is both direct (affecting the eye exposed to the light) and consensual with constriction of the pupil in the eye opposite to the light-stimulated eye.