TABLE 1.
Type of drug | Main effect | Main adverse effect |
---|---|---|
Beta-blocker | Inhibition of renin release | Bradycardia |
Decreases the sympathetic tone of CNS | Increases LDL-C level and decreases HDL-C level | |
Reduces cardiac volume | Rebounds hypertension | |
Ri | Blocks the angiotensinogen (AG) receptor, which inhibits the angiotensin-I (AT-I) conversion by blocking the binding of renin to AG | Persistent cough, hyperkalemia, severe hypotension, angioedema, arthralgia, and diarrhea |
ACEi | Decreases the blood and tissue concentration of angiotensin-II by blocking angiotensin-1 for angiotensin-2 conversion | Cough due to the bradykinin and substance-P release; contraindicated in pregnancy |
ARB | Selectively blocks angiotensin-2 receptors resulting in the inhibition of vasoconstriction | Hyperkalemia |
NEPi | Blocks the decomposition of natriuretic peptides | Angioedema and arrhythmia |
RAS, renin–angiotensin system; CNS, central nervous system; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein fraction of cholesterine; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein fraction of cholesterine; Ri, renin inhibitor; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin-II receptor blocker; NEPi, neprilysin inhibitor.