Table 2.
Recommended imaging to be prescribed in the presence of suspected immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
| irAEs | US | CT | MRI | 18F-FDG PET/CT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enteritis | – | √ | (√) | – |
| Colitis | – | √ | (√) | – |
| Hepatitis | √ | (√) | (√) | – |
| Cholecystitis and cholangitis | √ | (√) | √ | – |
| Pancreatitis | √ | √ | (√) | – |
| Acute kidney injury | √ | – | (√) | – |
| Pneumonitis | – | √ | – | – |
| Sarcoid-like reactions | – | √ | – | (√) |
| Myocarditis | √ | – | √ | (√ *) |
| Pericarditis | √ | – | √ | – |
| Myositis | – | – | √ | (√ *) |
| Encephalitis | – | – | √ | (√) |
| Aseptic meningitis | – | – | √ | – |
| Central nervous system vasculitis | – | (√) | √ | (√) |
| Hypophysitis | – | – | √ | √ |
| Thyroid dysfunction | √ | – | – | – |
| Primary adrenal insufficiency or adrenalitis |
– | (√) | (√) | – |
US, ultrasound; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnet resonance imaging; 18F-FDG PET/CT, 2-deo-y-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography.
√, 1st choice modality; (√), optional imaging; -, usually not prescribed or not applicable; * 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT as additional option.