Table 5.
Subgroups analysis of association between diet magnesium intake and anemia.
| Subgroup | n.total | n.event_% | Crude OR 95CI | Crude P value | Adj OR 95CI | Adj P value | P for interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.427 | ||||||
| Female | 6,745 | 932 (13.8) | 0.73 (0.67 ~ 0.81) | <0.001 | 0.71 (0.58 ~ 0.86) | 0.001 | |
| Male | 6,678 | 544 (8.1) | 0.65 (0.58 ~ 0.72) | <0.001 | 0.9 (0.7 ~ 1.15) | 0.401 | |
| Age | 0.57 | ||||||
| 20–44 | 4,482 | 333 (7.4) | 0.64 (0.56 ~ 0.74) | <0.001 | 0.88 (0.65 ~ 1.19) | 0.405 | |
| 45–59 | 4,458 | 445 (10) | 0.69 (0.6 ~ 0.79) | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.58 ~ 0.98) | 0.037 | |
| ≥60 | 4,483 | 698 (15.6) | 0.68 (0.61 ~ 0.76) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.61 ~ 0.98) | 0.036 | |
| Race | 0.168 | ||||||
| Mexican American | 1842 | 193 (10.5) | 0.81 (0.66 ~ 1) | 0.052 | 1.04 (0.65 ~ 1.67) | 0.869 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2,938 | 633 (21.5) | 0.66 (0.58 ~ 0.74) | <0.001 | 0.71 (0.57 ~ 0.9) | 0.004 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 5,380 | 359 (6.7) | 0.75 (0.65 ~ 0.87) | <0.001 | 1.03 (0.76 ~ 1.39) | 0.848 | |
| Other Hispanic | 1,431 | 128 (8.9) | 0.63 (0.49 ~ 0.81) | <0.001 | 0.58 (0.36 ~ 0.96) | 0.032 | |
| Other race | 1832 | 163 (8.9) | 0.72 (0.57 ~ 0.9) | 0.005 | 0.74 (0.46 ~ 1.19) | 0.218 | |
| Poverty-income ratio | 0.233 | ||||||
| PIR < 1 | 2,750 | 359 (13.1) | 0.74 (0.65 ~ 0.85) | <0.001 | 0.92 (0.7 ~ 1.22) | 0.577 | |
| PIR ≥ 1 | 9,621 | 982 (10.2) | 0.62 (0.57 ~ 0.68) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.61 ~ 0.88) | 0.001 | |
| Education level | 0.197 | ||||||
| College education or above | 2,908 | 399 (13.7) | 0.69 (0.61 ~ 0.8) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.73 ~ 1.32) | 0.886 | |
| Graduated from high school | 2,967 | 323 (10.9) | 0.74 (0.63 ~ 0.86) | <0.001 | 0.67 (0.48 ~ 0.92) | 0.013 | |
| < High school | 7,545 | 754 (10) | 0.62 (0.56 ~ 0.69) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.62 ~ 0.94) | 0.013 | |
| BMI | 0.051 | ||||||
| <25 | 3,809 | 413 (10.8) | 0.67 (0.59 ~ 0.77) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.58 ~ 1.01) | 0.057 | |
| 25–30 | 4,316 | 429 (9.9) | 0.58 (0.51 ~ 0.67) | <0.001 | 0.67 (0.5 ~ 0.88) | 0.004 | |
| ≥30 | 5,181 | 597 (11.5) | 0.71 (0.64 ~ 0.8) | <0.001 | 0.89 (0.7 ~ 1.13) | 0.333 | |
| Smoking status | 0.012 | ||||||
| Never smoker | 7,572 | 913 (12.1) | 0.6 (0.54 ~ 0.66) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.6 ~ 0.89) | 0.002 | |
| Former smoker | 3,199 | 372 (11.6) | 0.61 (0.53 ~ 0.7) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.57 ~ 1.03) | 0.08 | |
| Current smoker | 2,639 | 190 (7.2) | 0.87 (0.73 ~ 1.05) | 0.153 | 1.07 (0.75 ~ 1.53) | 0.716 | |
| Physical activity, n (%) | 0.237 | ||||||
| Light work activity | 8,042 | 1,005 (12.5) | 0.67 (0.62 ~ 0.73) | <0.001 | 0.79 (0.66 ~ 0.95) | 0.01 | |
| Moderate work activity | 2,781 | 297 (10.7) | 0.61 (0.51 ~ 0.72) | <0.001 | 0.79 (0.56 ~ 1.11) | 0.174 | |
| Vigorous work activity | 2,598 | 174 (6.7) | 0.74 (0.6 ~ 0.91) | 0.004 | 0.91 (0.59 ~ 1.4) | 0.654 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BM, Body Mass Index; Diet magnesium intake were log2 transformed. Adjusted for age, sex, race, PIR value, educational level, BMI, smoking status, physical activity level, and dietary energy, protein, fiber, vitamin D and calcium.