Table 5.

Multiple regression analyses on the CSSK total scores and each of the three factors

		B	SE	β	t	p
CSSK total
	ISI	0.630	0.123	0.227	5.124	<0.001
	Sex	4.202	0.948	0.168	4.433	<0.001
	Changes in income during the COVID-19 pandemic	2.413	1.172	0.080	2.058	0.040
	Level of education	-4.658	1.792	-0.098	-2.599	0.010
	GAD-7	0.413	0.133	0.141	3.111	0.002
	MSPSS	0.112	0.036	0.122	3.113	0.002
	Occupation before COVID-19 pandemic	-4.399	2.002	-0.084	-2.198	0.028
CSSK factor 1 (Fear of infection)
	ISI	0.279	0.069	0.183	4.063	<0.001
	Sex	2.906	0.533	0.211	5.458	<0.001
	Residence status	1.593	0.925	0.068	1.722	0.086
	Occupation after COVID-19 pandemic	-2.629	1.106	-0.092	-2.378	0.018
	GAD-7	0.194	0.075	0.121	2.610	0.009
	MSPSS	0.049	0.021	0.097	2.364	0.018
CSSK factor 2 (Difficulty due to social distancing)
	ISI	0.187	0.043	0.196	4.299	<0.001
	Changes in income during the COVID-19 pandemic	1.798	0.398	0.173	4.516	<0.001
	PHQ-9	0.110	0.038	0.134	2.926	0.004
	Level of education	-1.613	0.621	-0.099	-2.596	0.010
	Marital status	-0.777	0.330	-0.090	-2.357	0.019
CSSK factor 3 (Anger toward others)
	Sex	1.877	0.346	0.213	5.422	<0.001
	ISI	0.198	0.039	0.203	5.135	<0.001
	Religion	0.920	0.354	0.103	2.598	0.010
	Before COVID-19 pandemic Occupation	-1.816	0.712	-0.099	-2.549	0.011
	MSPSS	0.032	0.013	0.100	2.504	0.013
	Level of education	-1.340	0.653	-0.080	-2.051	0.041

CSSK total: Adj. R²=0.158, F(p)=17.082 (<0.001). CSSK factor 1: Adj. R²=0.120, F(p)=14.617 (<0.001). CSSK factor 2: Adj. R²=0.143, F(p)=20.948 (<0.001). CSSK factor 3: Adj. R²=0.103, F(p)=12.492 (<0.001). B, beta coefficient; SE, standard error; β, standardized beta coefficient; COVID-19, coronavirus disease-2019; CSSK, COVID-19 Stress Scale for Korean People; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; MSPSS, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9