Table 1.
Age-adjusted baseline characteristics by quintiles of empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1984) and Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII, 1991)
| Characteristic | Quintiles of dietary pattern |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NHS |
NHSII |
|||||
| Q1 (n = 9523) | Q3 (n = 9524) | Q5 (n = 9524) | Q1 (n = 16 690) | Q3 (n = 16 991) | Q5 (n = 16 990) | |
| EDIP, median (range)a | −1.1 (−1.6 to −0.9) | 0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 1 (0.8 to 1.4) | −1.2 (−1.6 to −0.9) | 0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.7) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 52.4 (7) | 52.4 (7.3) | 51.3 (7.3) | 39.4 (4.4) | 38.3 (4.6) | 37.6 (4.7) |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 23.9 (3.8) | 25 (4.4) | 27.1 (5.9) | 24.3 (4.9) | 24.7 (5.3) | 26.7 (6.7) |
| Weight change, mean (SD), kg | 7.2 (9.8) | 9.8 (10.6) | 14.5 (13.5) | 8.8 (11.1) | 10 (11.6) | 13.7 (14.1) |
| Lost ≥2 kg, % | 13.8 | 9.5 | 6.6 | 10.7 | 8.9 | 7.0 |
| Stable | 14.0 | 10.9 | 6.8 | 13.0 | 11.8 | 8.2 |
| Gained >2 kg, % | 72.2 | 79.6 | 86.6 | 76.4 | 79.3 | 84.8 |
| Physical activity, mean (SD), MET h/wk | 16.7 (24.9) | 13.8 (19.4) | 11.5 (17.3) | 24.4 (31.2) | 20.5 (25.3) | 18.5 (25.3) |
| Age at menarche, younger than 12 y, % | 21.2 | 21.5 | 23.1 | 24.4 | 22.7 | 25.5 |
| Ever use of OCs, % | 52.1 | 48.8 | 50.1 | 83.7 | 83.4 | 81.8 |
| Parous, % | 92.8 | 93.2 | 92.3 | 74.5 | 77.6 | 75.8 |
| Number of children, mean (SD) | 3.1 (1.4) | 3.1 (1.5) | 3.1 (1.6) | 2.1 (0.9) | 2.2 (0.9) | 2.2 (0.9) |
| Postmenopausal women, % | 51.4 | 51.9 | 52.4 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
| Postmenopausal hormone use, current use, %b | 15.4 | 12.0 | 8.8 | 76.5 | 77.9 | 76.7 |
| Former smoker, % | 40.0 | 33.2 | 29.9 | 30.0 | 22.7 | 18.0 |
| Current smoker, % | 27.0 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 14.6 | 9.7 | 10.0 |
| Personal history of diabetes, % | 1.6 | 2.7 | 7.0 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 2.2 |
| Family history of endometrial cancer, % | 2.6 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.5 |
| Alcohol intake, mean (SD), grams/day | 13.5 (14.5) | 5.4 (8.6) | 3.8 (8.3) | 6.3 (9.6) | 2.5 (4.6) | 1.5 (3.6) |
| Coffee intake, mean (SD), grams/day | 3.7 (1.8) | 2.4 (1.5) | 1.4 (1.3) | 2.7 (2) | 1.3 (1.4) | 1.5 (3.6) |
| EDIH, median (range)a | −1.1 (−1.5 to −0.9) | 0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) | −1.2 (−1.6 to −0.9) | 0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.7) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 53.6 (7) | 52.4 (7.2) | 50.3 (7.1) | 39.1 (4.5) | 38.3 (4.6) | 37.9 (4.7) |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 23.7 (3.7) | 25.1 (4.4) | 27.1 (5.9) | 23.5 (4.4) | 24.8 (5.2) | 27.2 (6.8) |
| Weight change, mean (SD), kg | 6.7 (9.4) | 9.9 (10.8) | 14.7 (13.4) | 7.2 (10.1) | 10.2 (11.5) | 14.8 (14.3) |
| Lost ≥2 kg, % | 14.6 | 9.5 | 6.3 | 12.3 | 8.3 | 6.0 |
| Stable | 15.1 | 10.2 | 6.6 | 15.5 | 11.2 | 7.3 |
| Gained >2 kg, % | 70.3 | 80.3 | 87.1 | 72.2 | 80.5 | 86.8 |
| Physical activity, mean (SD), MET h/wk | 17.9 (25.3) | 13.4 (19.6) | 10.8 (15.7) | 28 (33.8) | 19.4 (24.4) | 17.1 (23.4) |
| Age at menarche (younger than 12 y), % | 20.5 | 22.0 | 22.7 | 23.7 | 23.7 | 25.5 |
| Ever use of OCs, % | 50.3 | 49.6 | 51.8 | 82.0 | 83.2 | 83.9 |
| Parous, % | 92.3 | 93.4 | 92.6 | 71.6 | 78.4 | 77.1 |
| Number of children, mean (SD) | 3.1 (1.5) | 3.1 (1.5) | 3.2 (1.5) | 2.1 (0.9) | 2.2 (0.9) | 2.2 (0.9) |
| Postmenopausal women, % | 51.7 | 52.5 | 51.3 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.1 |
| Postmenopausal hormone use, current use, %b | 15.2 | 12.1 | 9.3 | 76.0 | 72.3 | 76.9 |
| Former smoker, % | 39.1 | 33.2 | 30.9 | 29.5 | 22.0 | 18.9 |
| Current smoker, % | 22.5 | 22.4 | 24.7 | 10.9 | 10.6 | 12.2 |
| Personal history of diabetes, % | 1.5 | 2.5 | 7.2 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 2.2 |
| Family history of endometrial cancer, % | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.7 |
| Alcohol intake, mean (SD), grams/day | 11.6 (13.8) | 5.8 (9.3) | 5.1 (9.6) | 5.3 (8.6) | 2.6 (4.9) | 2.3 (4.7) |
| Coffee intake, mean (SD), grams/day) | 3.2 (1.8) | 2.4 (1.6) | 1.8 (1.6) | 2.4 (1.9) | 1.4 (1.5) | 0.9 (1.3) |
a
Energy-adjusted values. Values are means (SD) or percentages and are standardized to the age distribution of the study population. BMI = body mass index; MET = metabolic equivalent task; OC = oral contraceptives; Q = quintile.
b
Among postmenopausal women.