Table 3.
Use of exogenous antioxidants to improve the fertility of males
| Antioxidant | Route | Specie | Dose used | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AXN | In-vivo | Human | 0, 16 mg/kg | Positive effect on sperm parameters and fertility | [113] |
| 0.5, 1, 2 μM | Inhibited LPO | [158] | |||
| Ram | 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 μM | Improved sperm vitality and membrane integrity Significantly reduced ROS production |
[116] | ||
| Rat | 720 mg/kg | Improved sperm viability, normal morphology, and DNA integrity | [115] | ||
| In-vitro | Boar | 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 μM | Improved freeze-thaw semen quality, inhibited LPO | [117] | |
| Dog | 0, 0.5, 1, 2 μM | Improved freeze-thaw sperm quality | [118] | ||
| Ram | 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 μM | Decreased acrosome abnormalities Improve semen quality and fertility rate |
[119] | ||
| β-carotene & AXN | In-vivo | Goldfish | 50, 100, 150 mg/kg | Improved osmolality, motility, fertilization rate, and sperm concentration | [112] |
| AXN & Vitamins E and C | In-vivo | Rat | 100 mg/kg 100, and 200 mg/kg |
Improved fertility | [114] |
| Kinetin | In-vivo | Wheat Seedling | 1 μM | Improved growth, antioxidant, and chlorophyll content | [120] |
| Rat | 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/kg | Reduced organ damage and OS Inhibited the apoptosis |
[122] | ||
| In-vitro | Dog | 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 μM | Reduced OS and improved the freeze-thaw semen quality | [123] | |
| Ram | 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 μM | Enhanced sperm kinematics, viability, plasma membrane functionality, and reduced LPO | [124] | ||
| MYO | In-vivo & In-vitro | Human | 15 μL/mL | Improved sperm quality and motility | [126] |
| 2 g | Increased acrosome-reacted sperm, sperm concentration, and progressive motility Optimized serum LH, FSH, and inhibin |
[127] | |||
| No effect on mitochondrial function of sperm Increase sperm number with high MMP |
[128] | ||||
| Increase sperm motility and sperm number retrieved after swim-up | [129] | ||||
| Improved total motility, progressive motility, and reduced DNA fragmentation Ineffective in inhibiting ROS level |
[133] | ||||
| 20 mg/mL | Improvement of sperm vitality and motility Reduction of ROS-induced sperm defects |
[134] | |||
| Dog | 1, 2 mg/mL | Protected against OS and improved freeze-thaw sperm quality | [130] | ||
| Catfish | 5, 10, 20, 40 mg | Increased sperm motility, viability, and DNA integrity | [131] | ||
| MYO & Melatonin | In-vitro | Goat | - | Reduced ROS production, DNA damage, and LPO | [132] |
| In-vitro | Rabbit | 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 μM | Reduced H202 and LPO | [135] | |
| 50 μM | Higher sperm motility, viability, and DNA integrity | [139] | |||
| Goat | 10, 20 μM | Improves freeze-thaw sperm motion characteristics and inhibited LPO | [136] | ||
| Bull | 25, 50, 100, 200 μg/mL | No beneficial effect of motility, plasma membrane integrity, and sperm defects | [137] | ||
| Dog | 0, 25, 50, 100 μM | Reduced oxidative damage and improved the semen quality | [138] | ||
| 0.15 mM | Improved sperm motility and zona binding ability, reduced DNA fragmentation | [140] | |||
| Selenium | In vitro | Human | 2 μg/mL | Enhanced motility, viability, and MMP | [143] |
| Zn2+ | In-vitro | Human | 12.5 nM | Improved sperm parameters, and reduced DNA damage | [145] |
| 50 μM | Enhanced sperm total and progressive motility | [149] | |||
| Zn2+, D-aspartate, CoQ10 | In-vitro | Human | 1, 10, 100 μg/mL 5, 50, 500, 5,000 μg/mL 4, 40, 400 μg/mL |
Improved progressive sperm motility, reduced DNA fragmentation | [148] |
| Sericin | In-vitro | Buck | 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% | Ameliorated the freeze-thaw semen quality by improving the antioxidative status and minimizing the leakage of intracellular enzymes (0.25% Sericin) | [150] |
| Bull | 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.5%, 2% | Improved freeze-thaw semen quality by protecting against OS | [151] | ||
| Rabbit | 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% | Enhanced osmotic tolerance and freeze-thaw sperm quality, Reduces the ability of rabbit sperm cells to undergo in-vitro-induced acrosome reaction, |
[152] | ||
| Stallion | 0.25% | Improved sperm DNA integrity and its resistance to ROS and LPO | [153] |
AXN, astaxanthin; LPO, lipid peroxidation; OS, oxidative stress; MYO, myo-inositol; MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential; QR, quercetin; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; Zn2+, Zinc; CoQ10, coenzyme Q10.