Fig. 4.

Different roles of maternal and infant gut microbiota in neurodevelopment. (a) Comparison of BC dissimilarity between paired maternal prenatal and infant gut microbiota. Red boxes refer to the BC dissimilarity between paired mothers and their children (n = 85, 105, 80 for infant, Child Y1, and Child Y3). (b) The heatmap shows the association ranks of classes from maternal prenatal, infant, and children gut microbiota against ASQ scores. The taxa with negative differential ranks are more associated with low-ASQ samples, whereas the taxa with positive differential ranks are more associated with high-ASQ samples. Since the multinomial regressions were separately performed at each stage, only the sign (positive or negative) of values and comparisons within stages are reasonable.