TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with tuberculosis (TB) included in this systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
| All patients | Isoniazid | Rifampicin | Pyrazinamide | Ethambutol | |
| Total patients, n | 1628 | 1408 | 1209 | 1140 | 567 |
| Age, years | 5.4 (2.2–9.5) | 5.5 (2.2–9.6) | 5.0 (2.0–9.0) | 5.1 (2.0–9.0) | 5.9 (2.2–9.8) |
| Age | |||||
| <2 years | 356 (21.9) | 311 (22.1) | 301 (24.9) | 274 (24.0) | 121 (21.3) |
| <3 months | 7 (0.4) | 4 (0.3) | 4 (0.3) | 5 (0.4) | 2 (0.3) |
| 3–11 months | 162 (9.9) | 152 (10.8) | 148 (12.2) | 137 (12.0) | 60 (10.6) |
| 12–23 months | 187 (11.5) | 155 (11.0) | 149 (12.3) | 132 (11.6) | 59 (10.4) |
| 2–4 years | 382 (23.5) | 328 (23.3) | 291 (24.1) | 253 (22.2) | 124 (21.9) |
| 5–9 years | 507 (31.1) | 431 (30.6) | 354 (29.3) | 360 (31.6) | 183 (32.3) |
| 10–14 years | 357 (21.9) | 316 (22.4) | 245 (20.3) | 236 (20.7) | 130 (22.9) |
| 15–18 years | 26 (1.6) | 22 (1.6) | 18 (1.5) | 17 (1.5) | 9 (1.6) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 753 (46.3) | 641 (45.5) | 549 (45.4) | 512 (44.9) | 270 (47.6) |
| Male | 875 (53.7) | 767 (54.5) | 660 (54.6) | 628 (55.1) | 297 (52.4) |
| WHO region and country | |||||
| African | 827 (50.8) | 721 (51.2) | 678 (56.1) | 570 (50.0) | 377 (66.5) |
| South Africa | 390 (24.0) | 330 (23.4) | 317 (26.2) | 232 (20.3) | 52 (9.2) |
| Ghana | 113 (6.9) | 113 (8.0) | 113 (9.3) | 113 (9.9) | 113 (19.9) |
| Malawi | 150 (9.2) | 105 (7.4) | 103 (8.5) | 128 (11.2) | 121 (21.3) |
| Tanzania | 102 (6.3) | 102 (7.2) | 102 (8.4) | 75 (6.6) | 69 (12.2) |
| Ethiopia | 29 (1.8) | 29 (2.1) | |||
| Zambia | 43 (2.6) | 42 (3.0) | 43 (3.5) | 22 (1.9) | 22 (3.9) |
| Americas | 88 (5.4) | 44 (3.1) | 41 (3.4) | 69 (6.0) | 39 (6.9) |
| Venezuela | 30 (1.8) | 30 (2.1) | 30 (2.5) | 30 (2.6) | 5 (0.8) |
| Paraguay | 15 (0.9) | 14 (1.0) | 11 (0.9) | 15 (1.3) | 15 (2.6) |
| USA | 43 (2.6) | 24 (2.1) | 19 (3.3) | ||
| South-East Asian | 713 (43.8) | 643 (45.7) | 490 (40.5) | 501 (43.9) | 151 (26.6) |
| India | 594 (36.5) | 524 (37.2) | 371 (30.7) | 382 (33.5) | 151 (26.6) |
| Vietnam | 99 (6.1) | 99 (7.0) | 99 (8.2) | 99 (8.7) | |
| Indonesia | 20 (1.2) | 20 (1.4) | 20 (1.6) | 20 (1.7) | |
| Malnourished | |||||
| No | 597 (36.7) | 528 (37.5) | 517 (42.8) | 463 (40.6) | 194 (34.2) |
| Yes, moderate | 373 (22.9) | 339 (24.1) | 328 (27.1) | 281 (24.6) | 151 (26.6) |
| Yes, severe | 474 (29.1) | 404 (28.7) | 355 (29.4) | 358 (31.4) | 196 (34.6) |
| Unknown | 184 (11.3) | 137 (9.7) | 9 (0.7) | 38 (3.3) | 26 (4.6) |
| Type of TB | |||||
| Pulmonary | 931 (57.2) | 809 (57.4) | 721 (59.6) | 652 (57.2) | 413 (72.8) |
| Extrapulmonary | 442 (27.1) | 406 (28.8) | 316 (26.1) | 335 (29.4) | 87 (15.3) |
| Pulmonary+extrapulmonary | 123 (7.6) | 104 (7.4) | 93 (7.7) | 64 (5.6) | 38 (6.7) |
| Unspecified | 132 (8.1) | 89 (6.3) | 79 (6.5) | 89 (7.8) | 29 (5.1) |
| HIV status | |||||
| Negative | 1052 (64.6) | 928 (65.9) | 818 (67.6) | 758 (66.5) | 349 (61.5) |
| Positive | 324 (19.9) | 299 (21.2) | 279 (23.1) | 265 (23.2) | 165 (29.1) |
| Unknown | 252 (15.5) | 181 (12.8) | 112 (9.3) | 117 (10.3) | 53 (9.3) |
| Blood test values | |||||
| Albumin, g·dL−1 (total n=826) | 4.0 (3.6–4.4) | 4.0 (3.6–4.3) | 4.1 (3.6–4.4) | 4.0 (3.6–4.3) | 4.1 (3.7–4.4) |
| Creatinine, mg·dL−1 (total n=609) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.4 (0.4–0.5) |
| Drug dose, mg·kg−1 | 9.1 (5.3–11.0) | 11.7 (9.8–15.3) | 30.6 (24.9–35.0) | 20.0 (16.8–23.0) |
Data are presented as n, median (interquartile range) for continuous variables or n (%) for categorical variables, unless otherwise stated. WHO: World Health Organization.