Table 1.
The differential metabolites in the pathway after caffeine treatment
| Metabolites | VIP | FC | Trend | Pathway | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N v H | H v C | N v H | H v C | N v H | H v C | ||
| Linoleic acid | – | 1.56 | – | 1.34 | – | ↑* | a, i |
| Adenosine 5′- phosphosulfate | 1.33 | 1.94 | 0.5 | 1.89 | ↑## | ↑* | b, f |
| Adenosine 5′- monophosphate | 1.26 | 1.94 | 0.52 | 1.79 | ↓## | ↑* | f |
| Pyruvaldehyde | 1.09 | 1.55 | 2.41 | 0.49 | ↑# | ↓* | g |
| Cholic acid | – | 1.99 | – | 0.45 | – | ↓*** | c |
| Glycocholic acid | 1.04 | 1.99 | 0.53 | 1.55 | ↓# | ↑** | c |
| 1,7-Dimethylxanthine | - | 3.34 | - | 116.04 | - | ↑*** | d |
| N-methylhistamine | 1.07 | 1.73 | 1.37 | 0.77 | ↑# | ↓* | h |
| 22R-Hydroxycholesterol | 1.24 | 1.66 | 0.39 | 1.9 | ↓## | ↑* | j |
NCD, HFD and caffeine high-dose (n = 9/10 per group) groups. #p < 0.05 as compared to NCD group; ##p < 0.01 as compared to NCD group; ##p < 0.001 as compared to NCD group; *p < 0.05 as compared to HFD group; **p < 0.01 as compared to HFD group; ***p < 0.001 as compared to HFD group; ↑, content increased; ↓, content decreased; vs, versus; N, NCD group; H, HFD group; C, caffeine high-dose; VIP, variable importance of projection; FC, fold change. a: Linoleic acid metabolism; b: Sulfur metabolism; c: Primary bile acid biosynthesis; d: Caffeine metabolism; e: Histidine metabolism; f: Purine metabolism; g: Pyruvate metabolism; h: Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; i: Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids; j: Steroid hormone biosynthesis