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. 2023 Mar 9;14:34. doi: 10.1186/s40104-023-00834-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Intestinal histomorphology, digestion, and absorption functions of the ileum in broiler chickens. A VH, villus height, μm; CD, crypt depth, μm; VCR, the ratio of VH to CD; goblet cell (GC) counts between each set of per 100 μm intestinal mucosal epithelial columnar cells; B Activities of digestive enzymes in ileal mucosa; C HE-stained sections were monitored by optical microscopy at 200 × for differences in villi (VL) length and quantity of GC. Bars labeled with asterisks are significantly different (^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01) compared with CTL. NS, no significance (P > 0.05). Data are expressed as the means ± SEM (n = 6)