Table 4.
Impact on Household Productive Activities
| Malawi |
Zambia |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control mean | Impact | Control mean | Impact | |
|
|
|
|||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| Owned or cultivated any land (past agricultural season) | 0.973 | 0.019*** [0.000] | 0.878 | 0.088*** [0.000] |
| Total area of land owned or cultivated (ha. in logs) | 0.782 | 0.091** [0.029] | 0.347 | 0.098*** [0.000] |
| Sold any crop (past agricultural season) | 0.201 | 0.107*** [0.001] | 0.350 | 0.160*** [0.000] |
| Hired any person to work on land (past agricultural season) | 0.0 18 | 0.048*** [0.000] | 0.0 53 | 0.180*** [0.000] |
| Owns any livestock | 0.306 | 0.339*** [0.000] | 0.448 | 0.269*** [0.000] |
| Sold any livestock (past 12 months) | 0.058 | 0.076*** [0.000] | 0.096 | 0.069*** [0.000] |
| Operated any non-farm business (past 12 months) | 0.205 | 0.115*** [0.006] | 0.0 89 | 0.022 [0.382] |
| Monthly profit of non-farm business (constant 2011 USD) | 2.515 | 3.651*** [0.000] | 1.332 | 1.129 [0.103] |
| N | 2,540 | 1,917 | ||
Notes: The sample includes households with relevant sampled children. Results are obtained using the endline data and regression specification (1), including fixed effects for stratification variable (Traditional Authority for Malawi, district for Zambia) and enumerator. For Malawi, regressions also include controls for household composition (dummy variables for whether the household includes 3 members, 4 or more members, number of members below 21 years of age, number of members between 21 and 29 years of age). P-values in brackets, estimated using the wild bootstrap method (parameters: 999 replications, Rademacher weights), clustering at the unit of randomization level (village cluster for Malawi, Community Welfare Assistance Committee for Zambia).
p <0.1
p <0.05
p < 0.01.
Sources: Malawi Economic, Health and Demographic Survey (MEHDS), Zambia Multiple Category Targeting Programme (MCP).