TABLE 1.
Treadmill performance and body weight during experimental protocols, resting hemodynamic parameters, autonomic modulation and cardiac hypertrophy at the end of protocols in sedentary (S) and trained (T) Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).
| Wistar-S | Wistar-T | SHR-S | SHR-T | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treadmill performance | n = 20 | n = 20 | n = 20 | n = 20 |
| week 0 (km/h) | 1.01 ± 0.05 | 1.01 ± 0.04 | 1.31 ± 0.04* | 1.31 ± 0.05* |
| week 4 (km/h) | 0.81 ± 0.03 | 1.40 ± 0.04 # † | 0.92 ± 0.07 # | 1.83 ± 0.09 # *† |
| gain (% change) | −20% | +39% | −30% | +40% |
| Body Weight | n = 20 | n = 20 | n = 20 | n = 20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| week 0 (g) | 376 ± 6 | 377 ± 5 | 294 ± 6* | 289 ± 6* |
| week 4 (g) | 433 ± 6 # | 409 ± 6 # | 328 ± 7 # * | 318 ± 6 # * |
| gain (% change) | +15% | +9% | +12% | +10% |
| Hemodynamic parameters | n = 18 | n = 17 | n = 17 | n = 18 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAP (mmHg) | 109 ± 2 | 109 ± 4 | 170 ± 4* | 155 ± 4*† |
| HR (b/min) | 352 ± 5 | 327 ± 5† | 367 ± 7 | 337 ± 5† |
| Power Spectral Analysis | n = 18 | n = 17 | n = 17 | n = 18 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAP variability (mmHg 2 ) | 21.65 ± 3.10 | 17.14 ± 1.38 | 42.18 ± 3.80* | 31.41 ± 3.03* |
| LF-SAP (mmHg 2 ) | 5.77 ± 0.57 | 5.46 ± 0.56 | 9.17 ± 1.49* | 6.22 ± 0.59 |
| VLF-SAP (mmHg 2 ) | 7.70 ± 1.47 | 6.01 ± 0.97 | 18.01 ± 2.23* | 12.21 ± 1.16*† |
| PI variability (ms 2 ) | 33.12 ± 4.41 | 37.71 ± 4.36 | 18.95 ± 2.63* | 34.12 ± 2.78† |
| LF-PI (ms 2 ) | 5.77 ± 0.57 | 5.46 ± 0.56 | 10.46 ± 1.93* | 6.22 ± 0.59† |
| HF-PI (ms 2 ) | 7.96 ± 0.83 | 8.14 ± 0.83 | 5.06 ± 0.52* | 9.89 ± 0.79† |
| LF/HF ratio | 0.40 ± 0.05 | 0.41 ± 0.05 | 0.59 ± 0.02* | 0.28 ± 0.02† |
| αLF (ms/mmHg) | 0.84 ± 0.06 | 1.04 ± 0.07 | 0.42 ± 0.06* | 0.68 ± 0.06*† |
| αHF (ms/mmHg) | 1.93 ± 0.17 | 2.71 ± 0.20† | 1.60 ± 0.10 | 2.36 ± 0.10† |
| LVW/BW ratio (mg/g) | 1.84 ± 0.04 | 1.94 ± 0.04 | 2.74 ± 0.13* | 2.89 ± 0.16* |
Values are means ± SEM. MAP, mean arterial pressure; HR, heart rate; SAP, systolic arterial pressure; LF, low frequency component; HF, high frequency component; VLF, very-low frequency component; PI, pulse interval; αLF and αHF, spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity calculated with LF-PI and HF-PI components respectively, in relation to pressure changes; LVW, left ventricle weight; BW, body weight. Treadmill performance and body weight comparisons made by Three-way ANOVA for repeated measurements (time). Treadmill Performance: group F (1,76) = 55.59, p < 0.001, condition F (1,76) = 96.25, p < 0.001, time F (1,76) = 4.57, p = 0.036, group x time F (1,76) = 0.15, p = 0.699, condition x time F (1,76) = 94.34, p < 0.001, group x condition F (1,76) = 4.66, p = 0.034, group x condition x time F (1,76) = 4.57, p = 0.036; Body Weight: group F (1,76) = 250.2, p < 0.001, condition F (1,76) = 2.72, p = 0.103, time F (1,76) = 489.9, p < 0.001, group x time F (1,76) = 14.75, p < 0.001, condition x time F (1,76) = 19.16, p < 0.001, group x condition F (1,76) = 0.13, p = 0.721, group x condition x time F (1,76) = 8.56, p = 0.005. Other comparisons made by Factorial Two-way ANOVA. MAP: group F (1,66) = 228.8, p < 0.001, condition F (1,66) = 4.38, p = 0.040, group x condition F (1,66) = 4.38, p = 0.040; HR: group F (1,66) = 5.09 p = 0.027, condition F (1,66) = 24.63, p < 0.001, group x condition F (1,66) = 0.20, p = 0.653; SAP variability: group F (1,66) = 34.27, p < 0.001, condition F (1,66) = 6.61, p = 0.012, group x condition F (1,66) = 1.11, p = 0.296; LF-SAP: group F (1,66) = 5.58, p = 0.021, condition F (1,66) = 3.43, p = 0.068, group x condition F (1,66) = 2.25, p = 0.138; VLF-SAP: group F (1,66) = 29.33, p < 0.001, condition F (1,66) = 6.01, p = 0.017, group x condition F (1,66) = 1.82, p = 0.182; PI variability: group F (1,66) = 5.92, p = 0.018, condition F (1,66) = 7.33, p = 0.009, group x condition F (1,66) = 2.10, p = 0.152; LF-PI: group F (1,66) = 6.57, p = 0.013, condition F (1,66) = 4.58, p = 0.036, group x condition F (1,66) = 3.42, p = 0.069; HF-PI: group F (1,66) = 0.58, p = 0.450, condition F (1,66) = 10.93, p = 0.002, group x condition F (1,66) = 9.42, p = 0.003; LF/HF ratio: group F (1,66) = 0.62, p = 0.434, condition F (1,66) = 15.49, p < 0.001, group x condition F (1,66) = 17.63, p < 0.001; αLF: group F (1,66) = 38.88, p < 0.001, condition F (1,66) = 13.52, p = 0.001, group x condition F (1,66) = 0.23, p = 0.633; αHF: group F (1,66) = 5.23, p = 0.025, condition F (1,66) = 26.83, p < 0.001, group x condition F (1,66) = 0.01, p = 0.945; LVW/BW: group F (1,50) = 200.4, p < 0.001, condition F (1,50) = 4.45, p = 0.040, group x condition F (1,50) = 0.03, p = 0.881. Significances (p < 0.05) are # vs. week 0, * vs. respective WKY, † vs. respective S rats.